[Cognitive disorders in adolescents with multiple sclerosis: problem and methods].

A possible approach to evaluation of mild cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is provided in the article. The results of the approbation of authors' experimental technique for studying cross-modal interactions that was carried out in healthy adolescents and MS patients are presented. Perspectives of its using in further research and some preliminary data on deficits in cross-modal syntheses in adolescents with MS are discussed. The role of impairment of interactions between different cognitive functions in the development of cognitive deficit is emphasized.

[Development of cognitive functions in children with multiple sclerosis: criteria for assessment of current state and prognosis of further development].

The results of neuropsychological and clinical examination of 29 children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis were analyzed. Specifics of cognitive development of patients at the early onset of disease and association between neuropsychological and MRI data as well as peculiarities of disease course were found. The authors emphasized the possibility of using neuropsychological diagnostics in the early stage of disease for prognostic purposes and assessment of treatment efficacy.

[Cognitive disturbances in multiple sclerosis].

Results of the study of cognitive functions in children with multiple sclerosis (MS), including literature data on cognitive disturbances in this disease, are presented. Fourteen patients, aged from 8 to 17 years, with definite MS have been studied. A neuropsychological study revealed impulsivity in the performance of tasks without the sufficient orientation on the test instruction; difficulties in the visual perception in conditions of different complexity and difficulties of the simultaneous synthesis; elements of the left-side ignoring, difficulties in understanding, the usage of logical grammatical construction, activity programming and the rhythm perception. These peculiarities are interpreted in the context of A.R. Luria conceptions on the marked impairment of the functional activity of the right hemisphere, reduction of an operational constituent of mental processes related to the activity of the second functional block in the brain (parietal, occipital and temporal areas); decrease of regulatory aspects of the activity related to the activity of the third structural-functional block, which included the convexital frontal cortex with all the cortical and subcortical connections; reduction of the activating provision of mental processes related to the work of the first structural-functional block (deep, subcortical brain structures and their connections). It is emphasized that cognitive disturbances in children may appear on the earlier stages of MS.

[Disorders in memorizing sentences and texts in local brain lesions]. / Narushenie zapominaniia predlozhenii i tekstov pri lokal'nykh porazheniiakh mozga.

Disturbances of memory for sentences and texts in patients with local brain damages are investigated. The peculiarities of reproducing the superficial (lexic) and deep (sense) structures of the sentences and texts are analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of errors in the reproduction of the "scheme" of the texts the peculiarities of the memory defects specific for the various localization of the brain damage were revealed. It is shown that in damages of the temporal and parietal divisions of the left hemisphere it is the superficial structure, while in damages of the frontal divisions of the same hemisphere it is the deep structure the reproduction of which is affected to the greatest degree. A comparison with the reproduction of both structures in patients with damages of the temporal and parietal divisions of the right hemisphere is presented. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of multi-channel coding of information being stored.

[Verbal memory disorders in local lesions of the right and left hemispheres]. / Osobennosti narusheniia verbal'noi pamiati pri lokal'nykh porazheniiakh levogo i pravogo polusharii mozga.

Disturbances of verbal memory were examined in patients with local cerebral affections. The patients were asked to reproduce triads of words selected with regard to their semantic (situation or synonymic associations) or sensor (phonetic association) similarity. The ability to reproduce the triads was found to be different depending on the kind of the triads and the pathological focus localization. Patients with the pathological focus in the posterior divisions of the left hemisphere could hardly reproduce the triads of the semantically-similar words, while those with the pathological focus in the posterior divisions of the right hemisphere had difficulties in reproducing the triads of the phonetically-similar words. There were no differences as regards the triad type in patients with the pathological focus localization in the frontal divisions of the left hemisphere. A problem of multi-channel coding of the information for its processing and storage is discussed.