Association of a Transitional Heart Failure Management Program With Readmission and End-of-Life Care in Rural Japan.

Background: Evidence on transitional care for heart failure (HF) in Japan is limited. Methods and Results: We implemented a transitional HF management program in rural Japan in 2019. This involved collaboration with general practitioners or nursing care facilities and included symptom monitoring by medical/nursing staff using a handbook; standardized discharge care planning and information sharing on self-care and advance care planning using a collaborative sheet; and sharing expertise on HF management via manuals. We compared the outcomes within 1 year of discharge among patients hospitalized with HF in the 2 years before program implementation (2017-2018; historical control, n=198), in the first 2 years after program implementation (2019-2020; Intervention Phase 1, n=205), and in the second 2 years, following program revision and regional dissemination (2021-2022; Intervention Phase 2, n=195). HF readmission rates gradually decreased over Phases 1 and 2 (P<0.05). This association was consistent regardless of physician expertise, follow-up institution, or the use of nursing care services (P>0.1 for interaction). Mortality rates remained unchanged, but significantly more patients received end-of-life care at home in Phase 2 than before (P<0.05). Conclusions: The implementation of a transitional care program was associated with decreased HF readmissions and increased end-of-life care at home for HF patients in rural Japan.

Factors affecting the willingness of nursing care staffs for cooperation with heart failure care and the role of internet video education.

Background: With the aging of heart failure (HF) patients, collaboration between medical and nursing care facilities is essential for HF care. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the factors that affect willingness of nursing care staffs to cooperate with HF care; (2) to test whether the internet video education is useful in improving their willingness to collaborate. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was e-mailed to 417 registered medical corporations that operated nursing care facilities in the prefecture where the authors work. Medical and care staff working at each facility were asked their willingness to cooperate with HF care and their problems about collaboration. Machine learning analysis was used to assess the factors associated with unwillingness to cooperate. After watching a 6-min YouTube video explaining HF and community collaboration, we reaffirmed their willingness to cooperate. Results: We received responses from 76 medical and care staff members. Before watching the video, 32.9% of participants stated that they were unwilling to cooperate with HF care. Machine learning analysis showed that job types, perceived problems of collaboration, and low opportunities to learn about HF were associated with unwillingness to cooperation. After watching the video, we observed an increase from 67.1% to 80.3% (p < 0.05) of participants willing to cooperate with HF care. Conclusions: Job types, perceived problems of collaboration, and low opportunities to learn about HF are associated with unwillingness of nursing care staff for HF care. Internet videos are potential learning tool that can easily promote community collaboration for HF.

A History of Recurrent Episodes of Prolonged Cough as a Predictive Value for Determining Cough Variant Asthma in a Primary Care Setting.

BACKGROUND: Many patients visit primary care clinics with a complaint of cough. General practitioners (GPs) developed a list of the causative diseases of cough that can produce a patient's symptoms and signs. Then, the patients' medical histories were evaluated to determine whether the diagnosis of cough variant asthma (CVA) or post-infectious cough (PIC) could have been predicted. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 195 outpatients with a complaint of cough. Medical histories of "recurrent episodes of prolonged cough" and "upper respiratory infection" were obtained during the initial visit. The accuracy of medical histories in predicting CVA and PIC was calculated on the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Among eligible patients with cough, PIC was diagnosed in 99 patients (50.8%), CVA in 40 patients (20.5%), upper airway cough syndrome in 28 patients (14.4%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 11 patients (5.6%). Among the patients with CVA and those with PIC, 93% and 12%, respectively, had a history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough. For the diagnosis of CVA, having a history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough showed a moderately accurate AUC (0.76, 95% CI: 0.71-0.82). On the other hand, for the diagnosis of PIC, having no history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough also showed a moderately accurate AUC (0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.92). CONCLUSION: The medical history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough is useful for the prediction of CVA as well as PIC.

Differences in the effects of Asian dust on pulmonary function between adult patients with asthma and those with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Asian dust (AD) exposure exacerbates pulmonary dysfunction in patients with asthma. Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS), characterized by coexisting symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is considered a separate disease entity. Previously, we investigated the effects of AD on pulmonary function in adult patients with asthma. Here, we present the findings of our further research on the differences in the effects of AD exposure on pulmonary function between patients with asthma alone and those with ACOS. METHODS: Between March and May 2012, we conducted a panel study wherein we monitored daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) values in 231 adult patients with asthma. These patients were divided into 190 patients with asthma alone and 41 patients with ACOS in this study. Daily AD particle levels were measured using light detection and ranging systems. Two heavy AD days (April 23 and 24) were determined according to the Japan Meteorological Agency definition. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the association between PEF and AD exposure. RESULTS: Increments in the interquartile range of AD particles (0.018 km(-1)) led to PEF changes of -0.50 L/min (95% confidence interval, -0.98 to -0.02) in patients with asthma alone and -0.11 L/min (-0.11 to 0.85) in patients with ACOS. The PEF changes after exposure to heavy AD were -2.21 L/min (-4.28 to -0.15) in patients with asthma alone and -2.76 L/min (-6.86 to 1.35) in patients with ACOS. In patients with asthma alone, the highest decrease in PEF values was observed on the heavy AD day, with a subsequent gradual increase over time. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the effects of AD exposure on pulmonary function differ between patients with asthma alone and ACOS, with the former exhibiting a greater likelihood of decreased pulmonary function after AD exposure.

Effect of Asian dust on pulmonary function in adult asthma patients in western Japan: A panel study.

BACKGROUND: Asian dust (AD) has become a major health concern. The concentration of AD is typically expressed in particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10) and 2.5 µm (PM2.5). However, PM10 and PM2.5 consist of various substances besides AD. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems can selectively measure the quantity of AD particles to distinguish non-spherical airborne particles from spherical airborne particles. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function in adult asthma patients and AD using LIDAR data. METHODS: Subjects were 231 adult asthma patients who had their morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) measured from March to May 2012. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the association of PEF with sand dust particles detected by LIDAR. RESULTS: Increases in the interquartile range of AD particles (0.018 km(-1)) led to changes in PEF of -0.42 L/min (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.85 to 0.01). An increase of 11.8 µg/m(3) in suspended particulate matter and 6.9 µg/m(3) in PM2.5 led to decreases of -0.17 L/min (-0.53 to 0.21) and 0.03 L/min (-0.35 to 0.42), respectively. A heavy AD day was defined as a day with a level of AD particles >0.032 km(-1), which was the average plus one standard deviation during the study period, and six heavy AD days were identified. Change in PEF after a heavy AD day was -0.97 L/min (-1.90 to -0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Heavy exposure to AD particles was significantly associated with decreased pulmonary function in adult asthma patients.

Association of Sand Dust Particles with Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Adult Patients with Asthma in Western Japan Using Light Detection and Ranging: A Panel Study.

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) can estimate daily volumes of sand dust particles from the East Asian desert to Japan. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sand dust particles and pulmonary function, and respiratory symptoms in adult patients with asthma. One hundred thirty-seven patients were included in the study. From March 2013 to May 2013, the patients measured their morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) and kept daily lower respiratory symptom diaries. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the correlation of the median daily levels of sand dust particles, symptoms scores, and PEF. A heavy sand dust day was defined as an hourly concentration of sand dust particles of >0.1 km(-1). By this criterion, there were 8 heavy sand dust days during the study period. Elevated sand dust particles levels were significantly associated with the symptom score (0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.03, 0.05), and this increase persisted for 5 days. There was no significant association between PEF and heavy dust exposure (0.01 L/min; 95% CI, -0.62, 0.11). The present study found that sand dust particles were significantly associated with worsened lower respiratory tract symptoms in adult patients with asthma, but not with pulmonary function.

Effects on asthma and induction of interleukin-8 caused by Asian dust particles collected in western Japan.

OBJECTIVE: Asian dust storms (ADS) contain various airborne particles that may augment airway inflammation by increasing the level of interleukin-8. The objective of the study was to investigate the association of exposure to an ADS with worsening of symptoms of adult asthma and the effect of ADS particles on interleukin-8 transcriptional activity. METHODS: The subjects were 112 patients with mild to moderate asthma who recorded scores for their daily upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms and measured morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) from March to May 2011. Interleukin-8 transcriptional activity was assessed in THP-G8 cells that were exposed to airborne particles collected during days of ADS exposure. RESULTS: Of the 112 patients, 31 had comorbid allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or chronic sinusitis (CS), and had worsened scores for upper respiratory tract symptoms on ADS days compared to non-ADS days. Scores for lower respiratory tract symptoms during ADS days were higher than non-ADS days in all patients. Three patients also had unscheduled hospital visits for exacerbation of asthma on ADS days. However, there was no significant difference in daily morning PEF between ADS and non-ADS days. Airborne particles collected on ADS days induced interleukin-8 transcriptional activity in THP-G8 cells compared to the original soil of the ADS. CONCLUSION: Exposure to an ADS aggravates upper and lower tract respiratory symptoms in patients with adult asthma. ADS airborne particles may increase airway inflammation through enhancement of interleukin-8 transcriptional activity.

Enhancement of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by ROCK inhibitor through suppression of focal adhesion kinase-independent mechanism in lung carcinoma cells.

Intracellular signaling through Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase (ROCK) is a target of antimetastatic therapy and is proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) functions downstream of ROCK and participates in anti-apoptotic signaling. We hypothesized that a specific ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, may exert a pro-apoptotic effect in combination with anticancer agents through the suppression of FAK. A549 lung carcinoma cells were treated with Y-27632 and cisplatin. The simultaneous combination did not exert any additional effect, whereas sequential treatment, in which cisplatin followed Y-27632, enhanced cytotoxicity in concentration- and time-dependent manner. Y-27632 did not suppress tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK in A549-FAK, the active form of FAK expressing A549 cells, as observed in parental cells. Nevertheless, the pretreatment of A549-FAK cells with Y-27632 still enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. It was concluded that the ROCK inhibitor enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity through FAK suppression-independent mechanism(s). These observations raise the possibility that the inhibition of the ROCK-mediated signal enhances the effect of anti-cancer agents in addition to its antimetastatic property.

Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9), an inflammatory protein complex from neutrophils with a broad apoptosis-inducing activity.

Calprotectin, a complex of two calcium-binding proteins that belong to the S100 protein family, is abundant in the cytosolic fraction of neutrophils. A high level of calprotectin reportedly exists in extracellular fluid during various inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and abscesses. However, the exact biological role(s) of the factor is now under investigation. We recently observed that neutrophils contain a factor that shows growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities against various cell types including tumor cells and normal fibroblasts, and we identified that factor as calprotectin. The findings suggest that calprotectin exerts a regulatory activity in inflammatory processes through its effect on the survival or growth states of cells participating in the inflammatory reaction. It is also possible that calprotectin, at a high concentration, might have a deleterious effect on fibroblasts and influence the recovery of inflammatory tissue. Therefore, the protein factor may be a new drug target to control inflammatory reactions. We found that a few of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids effectively inhibited the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities of calprotectin. In this article, we focus on the biological functions of calprotectin in extracellular fluids, focusing on its apoptosis-inducing activity.

Positional candidate approach for the gene responsible for benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy.

Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME) is an autosomal dominant idiopathic epileptic syndrome characterized by adult-onset tremulous finger movement, myoclonus, epileptic seizures, and nonprogressive course, recognized in Japanese families. We recently assigned the gene locus to chromosome 8q23.3-q24.11 by linkage analysis. In this study, we identified the sequence of human cDNA encoding Kv8.1, a neuronal modulatory alpha-subunit of the voltage-gated potassium channel, mapped to human chromosome 8q22.3-8q24.1. Human Kv8.1 cDNA had a 1,500-nucleotide open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 500 amino acids, in which six hydrophobic transmembrane segments were well conserved, and its overall amino acids homology as compared with those of rat and golden hamster was 95.0% and 95.0%. Tissue-distribution analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed the presence of the Kv 8.1 transcript exclusively in the brain. The analysis of the genomic organization of the human gene revealed consistency of three exons interrupted by two introns each of 1.2 and 3.5 kb. We analyzed the genomic sequence of the patients with BAFME and found no change in the pathogenesis of the disease.

[Successful treatment of weekly paclitaxel for a patient with recurrent lung cancer].

A 44-year-old man with recurrent lung cancer was readmitted to the hospital for chemotherapy. He was first treated by chemotherapy of CDDP + etoposide, after which the chemotherapy was changed to a regimen of weekly paclitaxel because of his desire to work. He could then be discharged from the hospital and return to his work. No side effects of this frequent schedule on his immune function were noted. He is now doing well and working. The regimen of weekly paclitaxel seemed to be effective in improving QOL because that regimen allowed him to work.