Impairment of Energy-Dependent Processes in the Muscle Tissue as a Pathogenetic Mechanism of Statin-Induced Myopathy.

Administration of simvastatin was followed by a decrease in activities of superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase in rat mitochondria, which attested to dysfunction of the respiratory chain. The decrease in total ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities in muscle tissue homogenates reflected impaired transport of active cations essential for muscle contraction. We conclude that abnormal relationships in the system of energy synthetic and energy-dependent processes in myocytes serve as the molecular basis for the formation of statin-induced degenerative changes.

[The analysis of level of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in blood serum of patients with various types of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and blood groups 0 (I), A (II) and B (III).]

The analysis was applied to indices of IgE-mediated immunological reaction (total IgE) in patients with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes and different blood groups (AB0) (n=93). The coefficient of pair correlation established a direct relationship between blood group 0 (I) and risk of development of diabetes type II (r=0.8) and higher risk of development of diabetes type I in patients with blood group A (II) (r=1). The average values of indices of total IgE in patients with blood groups 0 (I) and A (II) were compared and significantly differed the level of total IgE of blood group B (III). In case of expressed disorder of carbohydrate metabolism patients with blood groups 0 (I) and A (II) had indices of total IgE 43,61±15,12 и 86,2±42,61 kIU/l correspondingly that in average is four times lower than indices of patients with blood group B (III) who in case of diabetes type II had total IgE increased twice relatively to upper limit of standard amounting to 209,65±52,5 кIU/l.

Biochemical Changes in Erythrocytes as a Molecular Marker of Cell Damage during Long-Term Simvastatin Treatment.

Long-term administration of simvastatin to rats, irrespective of the baseline cholesterol levels, induced biochemical changes in erythrocytes attesting to hypoxic damage (accumulation of lactate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate), disturbances in ATP-dependent mechanisms of ion homeostasis regulation (decrease in total ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities), and antioxidant enzymes system imbalance. These changes can be considered as a sensitive indicator and molecular basis of cell damage during long-term administration of statins.

[PROTEOMIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FRESHLY ISOLATED ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS].

AIM: Time-of-flight mass-spectrometric analysis of colon bacilli populations freshly isolated from humans for identification of proteome markers, that are characteristic for hemolytic and non-hemolytic strains, E.coli--associants of opportunistic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 strains of monopopulation of hemolytic E.coli; 100 strains of monopopulation of non-hemolytic E. coli; 15 non-hemolytic strain, isolated from association with opportunistic bacteria. Protein profiling on MALDI-TOF MS Autoflex "Bruker Daltonik" mass-spectrometer. RESULTS: Value within species for mass-charge peak with 100% intensity of 9000 Da could be a differential sign for isolation of hemolytic E.coli during mass-spectrometric biotyping. CONCLUSION: Proteomic characteristics of strains from various populations within E.coli are given. Taxon-specific markers for proteomic differentiation of E.coli populations are established.

[Influence of age and degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism on metabolic changes in blood of women patients with type 2 diabetes].

The purpose of this study was a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of metabolism of erythrocytes in women with type 2 diabetes, according to the age characteristics of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. The obtained results, based on the nature of changes in parameters of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, gas transport and antioxidant systems of blood, contribute to the understanding of the role of metabolic changes in red blood cells, leading to changes in their biological properties, severity of which reflects the adaptive capacity of the organism in terms of hyperglycemia in different age groups in type 2 diabetes.

Analysis of biochemical changes in rat erythrocytes induced by long-term simvastatin treatment.

Analysis of metabolic changes in rat erythrocytes against the background of long-term simvastatin treatment revealed an increase in glycolysis metabolite concentrations and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and oppositely directed shifts in antioxidant defense enzyme activities. It was demonstrated that hypoxia and imbalance in the antioxidant enzyme system contribute to the development of side effects of statins.

[The oxidative modifications of lipoproteins in male youths with primary mitral valve prolapse].

The sampling of 137 male youths with primary mitral valve prolapse underwent the analysis of content of lipoproteins, malonic dialdehyde and modified lipoproteins depending on conditions of adaptive reserves of organism. The decrease of adaptive reserves of organism documented by higher content of oxidized lipoproteins up to 2.84 times (p < 0.05) and malonic dialdehyde up to 1.85 times as compared with control group (p < 0.05). The reliable difference between lipidogram data in patients with high and lower adaptive reserves was not established.

[The blood biochemical indicators as possible markers of destruction of kerato-hyaline tissue of nails in patients with onycholysis].

It is established that the most informative blood biochemical indicators of destructive process in patients with onycholysis are to be considered concentration of oxiproline in blood. The changing of ratio of fractions oxiproline, balance between concentration of enzymes of antioxidant defense and metalloproteinase and concentration of hemoglobin in blood make it possible to diagnose the mixed type of hypoxemia which is a possible cause of destruction of kerato-hyaline tissue in patients with onycholysis.

[The clinical and diagnostic value of biochemical parameters for the evaluation of type 2 diabetes compensation].

The study was undertaken to evaluate the magnitude of oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant defense in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the stages of subcompensation and decompensation. T2D was found to be characterized by the development of oxidative stress that was more evident in its decompensated form. The altered activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase can serve as a biochemical marker of the degree of hyperglycemia compensation. It is obvious that the complex analysis of not only the level of glycated hemoglobin, but also the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes is necessary for providing an objective evaluation of the antioxidant status of these patients.

[Oxygen-dependent processes in the blood cells from children with arterial hypertension concomitant with biliary dyskinesia].

Age individuality is characterized by an imbalance of the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant defense in adolescents with arterial hypertension and biliary dyskinesia, as documented by an enzyme imbalance of the first line of antioxidant defense and H2O, accumulation, by a substantial increase in glutathione peroxidase activity, and by inhibition of the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes. The considerable rise of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate suggests tissue hypoxia. With this, enhanced neutrophil elastase activity causes damage to the structural components of vascular wall connective tissue, resulting in the development of endothelial dysfunction.

[Peptide-bound oxyproline content in patients with nail hyperkeratosis and lactic acidosis].

The studies indicate that women with dystrophic changes of the nail in the presence of various skin diseases show a significant blood accumulation of acid products (peptide-bound oxyproline (PO) and lactic acid (LA). A relationship was found between the magnitude of a dystrophic process (hyperkeratosis) and higher blood LA levels with lower PO values that fail to achieve the level observed in the control group.

[Comparative characteristics of antioxidant status in women with diabetes type 2 of different age groups].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolic processes in women with diabetes mellitus type 2 of different age groups. It is established that hyperglycemia in aged women is characterized by the development of pronounced oxidative stress, which is the result of changes in the primary structure of protein molecules due to non enzymatic glycosylation of amino acid residues in the active sites. It is known that observed depletion of reduced glutathione pool is associated with high risk of genotoxicity, because it correlates with activation of mitochondrial, chromatin dysfunction and fragmentation of the DNA. In addition, hydroperoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids formation leads to necrosis and apoptosis. It can be assumed that the diabetes mellitus type 2 triggers processes of apoptosis, which leads to the activation of aging programs and increase the mortality of patients. Obviously, the change in the concentration of thiol antioxidants, as well as the change in concentration of LPO molecular products may be one of the criteria for evaluation of aging and the efficiency of the treatment of patients.

[The activities of red blood cell superoxide dismutase and catalase and serum alkaline phosphatase in onychodystrophy in women in the stage of nail rejection].

The resistance to a dystrophic process and lysis and the degree of clinical signs in nail lesions in different stages of onychodystrophy were found to be associated with the activity of alkaline phosphatase. A relationship was established between the magnitude of the blood activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase with a drop in the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase. At the same time, there was a correlation between the rate of development of onychodystrophy and the magnitude of a change in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes.

[Change in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease].

The aim of the study was to clarify the diagnostic value of changes in the activity of first-line antioxidant defense enzymes for the differential diagnosis of different forms of the coronary heart disease (CHD). Excessive hydrogen peroxide production is the leading adaptive compensatory mechanism in the regulation of vascular tone in patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Subacute CHD is characterized by the activation of antiradical defense of cellular and extracellular enzymes during the formation of superoxide anion radical and serves as a good prognostic sign. Evaluation of the red blood cell and plasma activity of superoxide dismutase is recommended for the differential diagnosis of different forms of CHD.

[The specific features of the blood gas transport system in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis].

The specific features of blood gas transport system functioning were analyzed in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS), the quantitative mechanism for hypoxia adaptation tended to decrease, which may be considered to be a compensatory-adaptive reaction aimed at eliminating the sludge phenomenon and improving the rheological characteristics of blood. Acute myocardial reinfarction developed in patents with PICS is characterized by the lower functional activity of red blood cells, and developing hypoxia is an important link of activation of apoptotic cell death. The degree of hypoxia may be believed to correlate with the sizes of a myocardial necrosis focus.

[Blood analytes in reproductive-age women with hypertensive disease].

The investigation has established that the early stages of hypertensive disease in reproductive-age women are accompanied by imbalance in the work of enzymatic antioxidants, which leads to the higher rate of free radical oxidation processes. Such changes promote the oxidative modification of the protein and lipid components of circulating lipoproteins, the activation of connective tissue enzymatic degradation processes, thereby causing endothelial dysfunction and angiopathies.

[Peptide-bound oxyproline and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of women with onychodystrophy].

A clinicobiochemical analysis has revealed a relationship between the elevated peptide-bound oxyproline levels and the lower activity of alkaline phosphatase in women and the presence of the early symptom stratified nails. The degree of the elevated peptide-bound oxyproline levels is informative of the early manifestations of the damage, which is of diagnostic value and enables treatment to be used in proper time. In a group of young subjects with onychodystrophy, the significant increase of peptide-bound oxyproline with the decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum may reflect the activation of adaptive reactions. The older the organism is, the less intensity of an adaptive reaction to hypoxia that is a principal of onychodystrophy.

[Development of oxidative stress in complicated pregnancy].

The changes in the blood activity of antioxidative defense system enzymes were evaluated in pregnant and non-pregnant women with arterial hypertension (AH). The directionality of revealed changes may be regarded ambiguously. Specifically, the detected dysregulation of first-line antioxidative defense enzymes leads to the accumulation of different forms of active oxygen metabolites that are involved in the development of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of AH. However, activation of peroxidation processes not only ensures the molecular mechanism of cellular damage, but also aims at developing compensatory and adaptive reactions. The degree of these impairments is likely to be affected by the influence of oxidative stress starting from the cell to organism level--the formation of a metabolic compensation or decompensation phase in arterial hypertension.

[Effect of biologically active food supplement coenzyme Q10 on metabolic processes in the myocardium of rats kept in different temperature conditions].

In present research the action of coenzyme Q10 on energetic metabolism and antioxidant system at different temperature conditions has been studied. It was established that the addition of coenzyme Q10 caused inadequate stimulation of main metabolic systems that could lead to running out of functional reserves of cardiomyocytes. The use of coenzyme Q10 helped to optimize intracellular compensating mechanisms supplying the defense of myocardium. Introduction in a diet coenzyme Q10 in conditions of a temperature's comfort threshold excess and development of a histic hypoxia can promote the decrease of gravity of hypoxic myocardium's lesions and to glycogenolysis' amplification that promotes maintenance of an energy homeostasis of a myocardium in posthypoxia term. It is possible to assume, that the augmentation of duration of reception coenzyme Q10 or its dosages can render more expressed protective effect.