[Determination of the quantitative composition of fecal microflora]. / Otsenka kolichestvennogo sostava mikroflory fekalii.

Shifts in the quantitative composition of fecal microflora may be assessed by estimating the summary share (in per cent) of the bacterial groups associated with fecal microbiocenosis, this share being estimated by the nonparametric statistics methods. The ratio between potentially dominating and concomitant groups of microorganisms in fecal microbiocenosis helps estimate the severity of disorders in the quantitative composition of fecal microflora.

[Species composition of intestinal lactoflora of healthy rhesus monkeys]. / Vidovoi sostav laktoflory kishechnika zdorovykh makak rezusov.

The results of the study of the species composition of the fecal microflora of 15 healthy rhesus macaques, from whom 204 strains of lactobacilli have been isolated and identified, are presented. The intestinal microflora has been shown to include different species, subspecies and biovars of homo- and heterofermentative lactobacilli and to possess definite individual properties. L. acidophilus, mannose-negative biovar I, and L. fermentum, mannose-negative biovars I and II, occur most frequently in feces. Certain differences in the species composition of lactoflora in monkeys and humans have been revealed: in the former, L. fermentum, mannitose-positive biovar III, and L. casei occur considerably more seldom. The inclusion of L. acidophilus strain I L. fermentum strains I and II isolated from rhesus macaques into eubiotics for these monkeys has been suggested.

[Effect of antibiotics on intestinal microflora and production of metabolites]. / Vliianie antibiotikov na kishechnuiu mikrofloru i produktsiiu metabolitov.

Methodical approaches to detection of relation between intestinal microflora and its metabolites are described. The microbial origin of certain compounds can be asserted by a decrease in their production after exposure to antibacterial drugs or the absence of their production in microbe-free animals. The authors consider that parallel investigation of intestinal microflora and its metabolites after exposure to various agents e.g. narrow spectrum antibiotics or specific substrates is the most accurate methodical approach to detection of their interrelations. Data on the effect of four drugs i.e. kanamycin, metronidazole, cefotaxime and bactrim on production of 10 bacterial metabolites: p-cresol, phenol, indican, acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric and caproic acids in rats are presented. Correlation between the metabolites and the intestinal microflora composition was revealed. It is concluded that detection of microorganisms responsible for production of definite metabolites requires at the maximum: (1) exposure to drugs of different spectra, (2) detection of changes in intestinal microflora by biotope++ and (3) investigation of mucosa microflora which more exactly characterizes metabolism of definite biotops.

[Micro-ecological aspects of studies on the effect of antibacterial drugs on intestinal microflora]. / Mikroékologicheskie aspekty izucheniia vozdeistviia antibakterial'nykh preparatov na mikrofloru kishechnika.

Possible characterization of intestinal microflora as an integral system after exposure to antibacterial drugs was studied. Microflora of the contents and mucosa of the jejunum and large intestine in control rats and in rats exposed to metronidazole was studied and numerical indicators characterizing ratios of dominating and accompanying microbial groups in the intestine biotope++ were developed. With this purpose the proportion of the microbial groups in the total quantity of the microbes of a microbiocenosis was determined by the data on microflora quantitative composition. On the basis of detected wide species variety of microorganisms potentially dominating by their biotope numerical limits of the norm were determined only for the microbial groups of the accompanying microflora. The total proportion of the accompanying microbial populations under the normal conditions and the detected measure of deviation (reverse, partial) from the ratio of the dominating and accompanying microorganisms peculiar of the given biotope++ in separate subjects promoted estimation of microbiocenoses of definite biotope of the intestine as a whole.

[Lactobacillus flora and colonization resistance]. / Laktoflora i kolonizatsionnaia rezistentnost'.

Lactobacillus flora of healthy persons and the properties influencing the protective function of lactobacilli are described. It was shown that the species and quantitative composition of the Lactobacillus flora in healthy persons was characterized by individual features and the Lactobacillus flora of separate microbiotopes was different. Furthermore, the properties defining the protective function of lactobacilli in the host: colonization capacity, direct antimicrobial activity and interference with other protective mechanisms were also different in separate species and even strains.

[Metabolites of the intestinal microflora in the diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis]. / Metabolity kishechnoi mikroflory v diagnostike disbioza kishechnika.

The procedures most widely used in investigation of intestinal microflora activity are briefly reviewed. The original findings relating to investigation of intestinal microflora and isolation of certain bacterial metabolites from rats with self-filling jejunal loop are presented as an example. Marked correlation between isolation of certain bacterial metabolites and self-filling jejunal loop microflora was observed. The authors consider advisable that biochemical and bacteriological methods for investigation of intestinal microflora be combined. When there are shifts in the number and ratio of the produced metabolites, invasive diagnostic methods including intubation and bacteriological examination of the small intestine are recommended.

[Anaerobic lumen and mucosal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Anaerobe Inhalts- und Wandmikroflora des Magen-Darm-Kanals.

With the model of one-egg twins the importance of the genotype for the development of an individual constant composition of the anaerobic and total microflora of the gut has been shown. Individual characteristics of the mucosal flora have been proved by experimental results of rectum mucosal microflora on normal conditions as well as with appendicitis. In individuals the microflora of the lumen corresponds with that of the mucosa.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Lactobacilli from the digestive tract of the crews of Soiuz-13 and Saliut-4]. / Issledovanie chuvstvitel'nosti k antibiotikam laktobatsill iz pishchevaritel'nogo trakta ékipazhei "Soiuz-13" i "Saliut-4".

Sensitivity to 19 antibiotics of 411 lactobacillus strains isolated from the saliva and feces of crewmembers who made 8-, 30- and 63-day flights was determined. Antibiotic sensitivity remained unchanged even in the 63-day flight. The antibiotics tested produced different effects on the lactoflora that varied from gentle--polymyxin and gentamycin, less gentle--neomycin and monomycin, to hazardous--penicillin and erythromycin, then rifampicin and levomycetin, and, finally, tetracycline and oleandomycin.

[Lactobacillus flora of the digestive tract of the crews of Soiuz-13 and Saliut-4]. / Issledovanie laktoflory pishchevaritel'nogo trakta ékipazhei "Soiuz-13" i "Saliut-4".

The species composition and biology of lactoflora of the saliva and feces of crewmembers from 8-, 30- and 63-day flights was investigated. Altogether 593 strains of lactobacilli were examined. The space flights did not cause significant changes in physiology, biochemistry, antagonistic properties or lysozyme activity of lactobacilli. They did not change drastically or unify the species composition of the digestive lactoflora. However, transfer of lactobacilli from one crewmember to another cannot be excluded, its probability increasing with flight time.