[Eating behavior and skills of premature children in different age periods].

Premature infant feeding often causes a number of difficulties not only during the nursing of a baby in the neonatal period, but also in further periods of the formation of nutritional skills and habits. Eating difficulties are noticeable not only during the first year of life. The further development of the eating behavior of premature children differs from fullterm peers. The aim of the publication is to demonstrate the peculiarities of eating skills and eating behavior in premature infants throughout the entire period of childhood. Material and methods. The search for original studies and systematic reviews that evaluated eating skills or eating behavior in children and adolescents born prematurely at various age periods was carried out using the eLIBRARY.ru and PubMed databases. Results. Children with a gestation period of less than 32 weeks at birth are most vulnerable to the development of eating disorders, since the suck-swallow-breath pattern is in the process of maturation. Eating difficulties are noticeable during the first year of life, since the formation of eating behavior is closely related to the development of motor skills and the neurodevelopment. The proportion of premature children experiencing nutritional difficulties decreases with age, but does not become comparable with that among full-term peers. Later with time, motor disorders are replaced by selective appetite, and tendencies to eating disorders are formed. In addition, with age, gender differences in eating behavior appear, which are characterized by an increase in eating disorders among boys. Conclusion. Currently, the data demonstrating characteristic age patterns in children born prematurely have been accumulated. Such a long-term effect of premature birth on eating behavior dictates the need for close attention to this group of children among pediatricians and the development of specialized programs for monitoring of preterm children.

[The evaluation neuropsychological development in preterm infants with hypoxic brain injury].

We observed 164 preterm newborns with moderate and severe hypoxic brain injury and 25 healthy newborns, who were included into control group. The clinical, laboratory and diagnostic data were analyzed and determined levels of neurospecific enolase in serum, levels of vascular endothelial factor in serum and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum during the neonatal period followed with assessment of mental development by the method of Zhurba in the control time. Revealed that additional predictors of adverse mental outcomes in preterm newborns with severe hypoxic brain injury under one year were the intrauterine growth hypotrophic of III level type, the high level of neurospecific enolase in serum and low level of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum in 1 month after delivery.

[Changes in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in premature newborns with intraventricular haemorrhages].

Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities have been studied in peripherical blood erythrocytes of 49 premature newborns at 28-37 weeks gestation. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were lower in patients with bacterial infection of meninges. The standard therapy did not restore superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by the end of the neonatal period.

[The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of malonic dialdehyde in prematures with hypoxic disorders of the central nervous system]. / Aktivnost'superoksiddismutazy,glutationperoksidazy i uroven; malonovogo dial'degida u nedonoshennykh novorozhdennykh s gipoksicheskim porazheniem tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy.

The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of malonic dialdehyde were studied 53 prematures with hypoxia of the central nervous system. A low activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which depended on a prematurity degree and on a content of malonic dialdehyde in the erythrocyte cell membranes, was found. A higher level of malonic dialdehyde in erythrocyte membranes was shown to be an unfavorable prognostication factor for the development of intraventricular hemorrhages in prematures.

[Ontogenetic peculiarities of hemostasis in newborn children]. / Ontogeneticheskie osobennosti gemostaza u novorozhdennykh detei.

A total of 25 newborns (15 full-term and 10 preterm babies) were examined. The coagulative and summary lytic blood activity with regard for the aggregategram and hemocoagulagram findings was studied. The following was established: the neonatal period of healthy babies is characterized by changing stages in the hemostasis system, i.e. hypocoagulation is followed by the normalized coagulation fibrinolytic activity. Preterm babies have more pronounced changes and become normal later.