Use of health care services by women who use crack cocaine.

Chronic drug users demonstrate a need for access to health care due to both acute health problems related directly to substance use and to other existing medical problems. This study attempts to examine how women differ from men in their utilization of health services. Also, it analyzes how crack use affects men and women differentially. The study population is a community-based sample of 624, comprised equally of men and women, as well as crack users and non-users of crack. Results indicate that women utilized health care more than men; however, crack use among women appears to be an inhibitory factor in the utilization of health services by women.

Prostaglandin E1 in severe Raynaud's phenomenon.

Twenty-one patients with severe Raynaud's phenomenon were treated on 29 occasions with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a potent vasodilator and pyrogen. A history of finger sepsis or necrosis was absent in 8 (group I) and present in 13 (group II). Three group I and eight group II patients had an associated connective tissue disease, and previously eight upper limbs had been sympathectomized in six group I patients and 14 upper limbs in eight group II patients. A total of 12 fingers had been amputated in six group II patients. Treatment comprised antibiotics for sepsis, PGE1 intravenously for 72 hours, and subsequent surgical debridement of septic and necrotic tissue in 30 fingers of eight group II patients under general anesthesia. Finger skin temperature measured half-hourly in a temperature-controlled ward cubicle (23.7 degrees +/- 0.7 degrees C), Doppler-detectable digital arterial flow, and finger/brachial systolic pressure index with local finger cooling to 10 degrees C were not improved by the administration of 0.9% saline for 72 hours, but were all significantly improved after PGE1 administration. Finger skin temperature was significantly elevated 11 weeks after treatment. The symptoms did not improve after PGE1 administration in group I patients but did improve in 12 of 13 group II patients. No finger deteriorated, and all debrided fingers healed after surgery. Nail bed removal in 11 fingers met with patient approval and prevented recurrent sepsis and necrosis. PGE1 provides a means of increasing finger blood flow during acute exacerbations of finger sepsis and necrosis; unlike sympathectomy, it is a minor procedure without prolonged side effects and is repeatable.