RESUMO
Fifty consecutive cervical smears representing dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or invasive cancer were examined by phase-contrast microscopy for the presence of cells with microridges. In a majority of cases, some neoplastic cells exhibited microridges. In more advanced neoplasias, the microridges were less frequent. The absence of microridges does not appear to be a characteristic of cancer per se but may be an indicator of the degree of squamous maturation of the cell.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia de Contraste de Fase , Microvilosidades/patologiaRESUMO
Nuclear features of size, pleomorphism and chromatin clumping are distinctive and quantifiable in the optical Fourier transform of the nucleus. This is shown in photographs of models, tracings and hematoxylin-stained impression smears of various types of nuclei. The size of the transform is inversely proportional to the size of the nucleus. Irregularities in shape (pleomorphism) produce radially symmetric rays of light in the transform. The effect of chromatin clumping is to give a mottled pattern superimposed on the pleomorphism pattern. The transform features can be measured in real time using a ring-wedge or similar detector. These procedures might be used for both automatic screening and objective quantification of diagnoses.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Cromatina/ultraestrutura , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Técnicas Citológicas , Análise de Fourier , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/ultraestrutura , Urina/citologiaRESUMO
A successful attempt has been made to identify microridges on squamous cells in routine smears using phase contrast microscopy. Microridges may be identified on mature cells of buccal mucosa and in cervical smears, either alcohol or spray fixed, and even in smears up to five years old. The features identified with phase contrast may also be observed with scanning electron microscopy. Identification of microridges may be of diagnostic interest in the evaluation of cervical smears.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/ultraestrutura , Microscopia de Contraste de Fase , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura , Membrana Celular/ultraestrutura , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
By reviewing causes of death among cohorts of various major disease entities or conditions, one may infer that a large majority of suicides are associated with a relatively small number of conditions. From the available follow-up studies, we might estimate that the following percentage of affected individuals will die by suicide: primary (endogenous) depression, 15 per cent; reactive (neurotic) depression, 15 per cent; alcoholism, 15 per cent; schizophrenia, 10 per cent; psychopathic personality, 5 per cent; opiate addiction, 10 per cent or more. Rough estimates of the number of suicides per year in the United States attributable to each condition might be as follows (using low incidence figures): depression, 12,900; alcoholism, 6,900; schizophrenia, 3,800; psychopathy, 2,000 (?); drug addiction, 900.
Assuntos
Suicídio , Fatores Etários , Alcoolismo/mortalidade , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/mortalidade , Ansiedade/mortalidade , Depressão/mortalidade , Feminino , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Neuróticos/mortalidade , Prisioneiros , Esquizofrenia/mortalidade , Fatores Sexuais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/mortalidade , Tentativa de SuicídioRESUMO
Chromosome changes in human cancer cells appear to evolve by non-random losses and/or gains of particular homologues or groups. It is probable that some of the apparent losses or gains actually represent formation of new chromosome structures, which are then classified as markers or are misclassified as normal homologues. In many cancers these changes appear to continue at a high rate throughout the life of the cancer (so that in some cancers almost every cell will exhibit a different karyotype). In other cancers the rate of change may be slow or arrested so that all cells will have the same abnormal karyotype. One very common step in karyotype evolution is doubling of the entire chromosome complement (2n â 4n or more commonly, S â 2S where S is the stemline number). The 2S cells tend to replace the original stemline. Homologues which have larger amounts of concentrated blocks of heterochromatin (i.e. late replicating DNA) seem more apt to be lost.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Linhagem Celular , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Feminino , Heterocromatina , Doença de Hodgkin/genética , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Masculino , Melanoma/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Poliploidia , Neoplasias Gástricas/genéticaAssuntos
Heterocromatina , Linfócitos/análise , Linhagem Celular , Diploide , Feminino , Heterocromatina/análise , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Polimorfismo Genético , Coloração e Rotulagem , TripsinaAssuntos
Cromossomos , Diploide , Vírus , Adenoviridae , Adulto , Linhagem Celular , Técnicas de Cultura , Embrião de Mamíferos , Fibroblastos/citologia , Herpesviridae , Humanos , Lactente , Leucócitos/citologia , Pulmão , Vírus do Sarampo , Vírus da Rubéola , Simplexvirus , Pele , Timidina/metabolismo , TrítioAssuntos
Cromossomos , Doenças do Cão/genética , Linfoma não Hodgkin/veterinária , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Técnicas de Cultura , Cães , Cariotipagem , MasculinoRESUMO
(3)H-actinomycin D, a guanine-binding agent, labels fixed human chromosomes nonrandomly. Actinomycin D added in G2 inhibits secondary constrictions and breaks chromosomes. There is some tendency for label to be concentrated at the ends of chromosomes and near the centromere. Labeling with (3)H-thymidine in the late stage of DNA synthesis shows a different pattern and in general lacks the telomeric concentrations. The sites of actinomycin D-induced breaks do not show good correspondence with the sites of actinomycin D label.
