A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of the genus Antidesma L.

The genus Antidesma L. (Phyllanthaceae) consists of 102 species and is distributed throughout the subtropical, temperate, and subpolar regions. Numerous species in this genus are employed in ethnomedical practices to treat a range of ailments including anaemia, diabetes, herpes, skin infections, typhoid, throat and lung diseases, gastrointestinal, jaundice, rheumatic, and many more diseases. This review aimed to highlight the ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemical components, biological activities, and future research opportunities of the genus. A total number of 112 research papers published between the period 1977 and 2023 were considered and reviewed were retrieved from scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier Scient Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The literature study revealed that both plant extracts and phytochemicals exhibited a wide range of biological activities including antidiabetes, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, and many other activities. Overall, a total number of 236 compounds have been encountered from the different species of Antidesma. These compounds belong to different chemical groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acids, lignans, sterols, terpenoids, coumarins, and others. Three compounds such as antidesmone, amentoflavone, and ß-sitosterol were found to be possible chemotaxonomic markers for the genus Antisema. Furthermore, only 16 species have been investigated in the context of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus so far. This review could serve as a comprehensive resource for future research in drug discovery and also lay the groundwork for the exploration of additional species within this genus for pharmaceutical applications.

Bioprospecting of endophytes associated with Solanum species: a mini review.

Endophytes are considered the repository of bioactive compounds as they contain a wide variety of chemically and structurally diverse secondary metabolites. The endophytes associated with Solanum species have been studied for the last few years. Therefore, the present study aimed to discuss the bioactive compounds produced by endophytes associated with Solanum species and their biological activities. Our study reveals that among the Solanum species, only 13 species have been studied in the context of endophytes so far. Overall, a total number of 98 bioactive compounds have been reported from endophytes associated with Solanum species, of which 64 compounds are from fungi and 34 compounds from bacteria. These bioactive compounds belong to different chemical groups such as sterols, flavonoids, volatiles, and many others and exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antioxidants, and plant growth-promoting activity. Moreover, the endophytic fungi were reported to produce two compounds that are often present in the host plants. These condensed data may open the door for further research and provide details on potent endophytes associated with Solanum species.