Segmental Humeral Head Reconstruction in Patients with Chronic Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation.

Background and Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of patient treatment using an allograft after chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation associated with a bony defect of the upper edge of the humerus that involves 25-50% of the articular surfaces. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients were included in this study. Electrocution was the cause of injury in eight patients; in ten patients, the cause was direct trauma; and in two patients, the cause of injury was a fall due to hypoglycemic coma. A standard deltoid pectoral approach was used and a fresh-frozen osteochondral allograft of the femoral condyle was applied. In evaluating the results, Constant's scoring scale was used. Results: The average value of Constant's point scale for the operated shoulder is 84.14 points. This result is good according to the average value of Constant's point scale. Conclusions: Patients with locked chronic posterior dislocation in combination with a bony defect of the humeral head that covers 25-50% of the articular surface, in our opinion, should be treated using bone allografts rather than non-anatomical reconstruction methods.

Tubularization of Bone-Tendon-Bone Grafts: Effects on Mechanical Strength and Postoperative Knee Stability in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background and Objectives: The study addresses a significant limitation in applying bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) grafts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. By exploring the tubularization of grafts, the study extends the understanding of this surgical technique. The dual approach of the study-focusing on biomechanical properties using an animal model and postoperative outcomes in humans-offers a comprehensive perspective. Materials and Methods: The experimental cohort encompassed ten pairs of fresh porcine bone-tendon-bone grafts. One graft in each pair underwent modification through sutures that transformed the flat graft into a cylindrical structure. Testing determined the force required for the modified graft to rupture mechanically, expressed as N/mm2, compared to conventionally prepared bone-tendon-bone grafts. The second phase of the research involved a prospective randomized clinical trial comprising 120 patients undergoing operative ACL reconstruction. For half the cases, grafts were tubularized using a random selection process. Clinical evaluations preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively employed the Tegner, Lysholm, and IKDC scoring scales for knee assessment. Results: Experiments showed that ligaments made using the tubularized surgical technique have statistically significantly higher values of measured force and higher maximum elongation values than ligaments made using the classical method. The clinical study concluded that there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in the average score on the Tegner, Lysholm, and IKDC scales before and after surgery. Conclusions: The study results showed that suturing the graft does not negatively affect its biomechanical properties, and tubularization significantly increases the values of force required to cause rupture and the values of maximum elongation during rupture. Given the possibility of the one-year follow-up period being insufficient, future investigations should extend this period to acquire objective functional insights post-surgery.

[Morphology of ulnar trochlear notch and defining ideal position for olecranon osteotomy]. / Morfología de la ulna muesca troclear y definiendo de la posición ideal para la osteotomía del olecranon.

Aim: The aim of the study was to calculate the most important parameters of ulna and to determine its gender. Classifying trochlear notch joint surface types and to establish their representation in Serbian population. To determine the ideal position for olecranon osteotomy. Material and methods: The study included 69 bones. Gender determination was performed using digital scale and photographs of the ulna. The bones weight, maximum and physiological length were measured. The place for the ideal position of olecranon osteotomy (projection of the bare area on its posterior wall) was determined on profile images. Results: Gender related, 45 (65.21%) bones belonged to males, 24 (34.79%) ulnas belonged to females. Type I of the bare area was present in 38 (55%) ulnas, type II in 20 (29%), whereas type III was present in 11 (16%) bones. The average value for the ideal position of olecranon osteotomy was 23.02 mm. In males' ulnas, it was 23.22 mm, in females, it was 22.59 mm. Conclusion: Type I of the bare area is the most common type of trochlear notch joint surface in Serbian population. The average value for the ideal position of olecranon osteotomy was 23.02 mm. We believe that a uniform name for the bare area should be established.

Objetivos: Calcular los parámetros más importantes del cúbito y determinar su género. Clasificar los tipos de superficie de la articulación de la escotadura troclear y establecer su representación en la población serbia. Determinación de la posición ideal para la osteotomía del olécranon. Material y métodos: El estudio incluyó 69 huesos. La determinación del sexo se realizó mediante escala digital y fotografías del cúbito. Se midió el peso de los huesos, la longitud máxima y fisiológica. El lugar para la posición ideal de la osteotomía del olécranon se determinó en imágenes de perfil. Resultados: Relacionado con el género, 45 (65.21%) huesos pertenecían a hombres, 24 (34.79%) cúbitos pertenecían a mujeres. El tipo I del área descubierta estuvo presente en 38 (55%) ulna, el tipo II en 20 (29%), mientras que el tipo III estuvo presente en 11 (16%) huesos. El valor medio para la posición ideal de la osteotomía del olécranon fue de 23,02 mm. Conclusión: El área desnuda tipo I es el tipo más frecuente de superficie articular de muesca troclear en la población serbia. El valor promedio para la posición ideal de la osteotomía del olécranon fue de 23,02 mm. Creemos que se debe establecer un nombre uniforme para el área descubierta.

A survey of pelvic types on computed tomography images.

BACKGROUND: In the medical literature several classifications of the pelvis according to its shape can be found. The most common classification distinguishes four general pelvis types: gynecoid, android, anthropoid and platypelloid. Natural childbirth may be significantly prolonged, difficult or even impossible if the pelvis shape is not in proportion to the size of the fetus. The objectives of our study were to calculate major diameters and conjugate diameters of the female bony pelvic ring and to determine the major pelvic types according to their shape. Based on the parameters obtained, we aimed to establish a relationship between some pelvic types and difficult childbirth. METHODS: The study was prospective in design and included 54 female subjects of various ages who had been referred for computed tomography of the pelvis, as part of the diagnosis of an underlying condition. In each patient, five most important parameters in two planes were measured and the pelvic type was determined by using the brim index and a special formula for android type. All measurements were performed using the Vue PACS v 12.1.6.1005 program. The description of the pelvic inlet was used to confirm all pelvic types. Data on previous births were taken from the questionnaire filled out by the subjects during the radiological examination. RESULTS: Gynecoid pelvic type was the most common in our sample (28 pelvises - 52%), followed by platypelloid type (11 pelvises - 20%), anthropoid type (8 pelvises - 15%) and finally android type (7 pelvises - 13%). There was a statistically significant difference in the diameter bispinous length (p < 0.05) between the platypelloid and anthropoid pelvic types. Pathological degree of stenosis was present in seven pelvises (the first degree in six pelvises and the second degree in one pelvis). The frequency of cesarean section was 31.82% and this technique was most frequently used in the subjects with a gynecoid pelvic type. The duration of natural labor ranged from 4 to 18 h. There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of labor between subjects with different pelvic types. CONCLUSIONS: Gynecoid pelvic type was present in more than half of our subjects. Although this type is considered ideal for labor, we have not established that it has a great influence on whether the labor will be performed naturally or by cesarean section, neither that it significantly affects the length of birth. The gross narrowing of the pelvic ring is present in non-gynecoid pelvic types. The data obtained will certainly be useful to the obstetrician when planning the labor and considering all the factors that may affect the course of birth.