Correction: NG2 antigen is involved in leukemia invasiveness and central nervous system infiltration in MLL-rearranged infant B-ALL.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Manzaneque, which was incorrectly given as J Carlos Rodríguez-Manzaneque. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

NG2 antigen is involved in leukemia invasiveness and central nervous system infiltration in MLL-rearranged infant B-ALL.

Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged (MLLr) infant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (iMLLr-B-ALL) has a dismal prognosis and is associated with a pro-B/mixed phenotype, therapy refractoriness and frequent central nervous system (CNS) disease/relapse. Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) is specifically expressed in MLLr leukemias and is used in leukemia immunophenotyping because of its predictive value for MLLr acute leukemias. NG2 is involved in melanoma metastasis and brain development; however, its role in MLL-mediated leukemogenesis remains elusive. Here we evaluated whether NG2 distinguishes leukemia-initiating/propagating cells (L-ICs) and/or CNS-infiltrating cells (CNS-ICs) in iMLLr-B-ALL. Clinical data from the Interfant cohort of iMLLr-B-ALL demonstrated that high NG2 expression associates with lower event-free survival, higher number of circulating blasts and more frequent CNS disease/relapse. Serial xenotransplantation of primary MLL-AF4+ leukemias indicated that NG2 is a malleable marker that does not enrich for L-IC or CNS-IC in iMLLr-B-All. However, NG2 expression was highly upregulated in blasts infiltrating extramedullar hematopoietic sites and CNS, and specific blockage of NG2 resulted in almost complete loss of engraftment. Indeed, gene expression profiling of primary blasts and primografts revealed a migratory signature of NG2+ blasts. This study provides new insights on the biology of NG2 in iMLLr-B-ALL and suggests NG2 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce the risk of CNS disease/relapse and to provide safer CNS-directed therapies for iMLLr-B-ALL.

Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: clinico-pathological and molecular study of a series of 27 Spanish cases.

Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MADD) is the most common metabolic muscle disorder. Here we report the largest study to date of MADD in Spanish patients, including clinical, histological, and molecular data. Most of the patients presented with moderate clinical symptoms of exercise intolerance, including myalgia, fatigability and cramps. In 70% of the patients, serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated. Muscle biopsy showed mild, nonspecific alterations with absent histochemical reaction for MAD. Eight cases ofMADD were coincidental with other associated diseases, and had more severe tissue alterations upon muscle biopsy. The mutation C34T in the MAD gene was present in a homozygous state in 26 of the 27 patients. One patient was a compound heterozygote for the C34T/G468T mutations. We conclude that MADD should be suspected in patients with exercise intolerance and with idiopathic hyperCKemia. Since symptoms may be subtle, we recommend routine histochemical analysis of MAD in all muscle biopsies, followed by molecular analysis in MAD-negative cases.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans localizado en la mama / No disponible

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) es un tumorraro que se origina en la piel y partes blandas de grado bajo ointermedio de malignidad. Es un tumor que raramente metastatizapero su comportamiento es localmente agresivo, conuna alta tasa de recidiva.Se presenta un caso clínico de DFSP localizado en la mamaque fue tratado con cirugía, con excisión de amplios márgenesy se hace una revisión de la literatura existente(AU)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare tumorof soft tissues of low-grade or intermediate malignancy. It is atumor that rarely metastasizes but their behavior is locally aggressive,with a high rate of recurrence.A clinical case of DFSP located in the breast who was treatedwith surgery with excision of large margins is presented. Arevision of existing literature is also made(AU)

Inserción extravascular del catéter tunelizado para hemodiálisis / No disponible

No disponible

[Effect of a high glucose load on serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and alpha1-antitrypsin in obese women]. / Evaluación del efecto de la ingesta de una sobrecarga de glucosa sobre los niveles séricos de la proteína C reactiva y de la alpha1-antitripsina en mujeres obesas.

UNLABELLED: Obesity is associated with increased inflammation. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a proinflammatory molecule, and alpha1-antitrypsin is an inflammation-sensitive plasma protein. Proinflammatory process may be influenced by postprandial hyperglycemia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of high-glucose load on postprandial circulating levels of PCR and alpha1-antitrypsin in obese women with normal glucose tolerance. DESIGN: A total of 15 obese women (age=34.4+/-4.3 years, BMI=35.5+/-5.3 kg/m2) and 15 lean controls women (age=33.9+/-2.9 years, BMI=21.8+/-1.9 kg/m2) were recruited for this study. After and overnight fast subjects underwent a 2 h-75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Preprandial and postprandial CRP and alpha1-antitrypsin were measured. Anthropometry and blood biochemical parameters were measured in both groups. RESULTS: The obese women had fasting serum PCR levels higher (P=or<0.001) than those of control women. There weren't differences in fasting serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels in obese group in comparison to lean control group (P=0.26). Serum PCR and alpha1-antitrypsin did not change postprandially (P=or>0.05 difference to fasting levels). Serum CRP levels was positively related to body mass index (BMI) in obese group. Serum alpha1-antitrypsin was not related to BMI in both groups. CONCLUSION: A high glucose load is not associated with serum PCR and alpha1-antitrypsin levels increase. Serum alpha1-antitripsin levels are not increased in obese women. Serum PCR levels are increased in obese women, and are positively related to BMI.

Light-chain-restricted germinal centres in reactive lymphadenitis: report of eight cases.

AIMS: Light-chain-restricted germinal centres are generally associated with the existence of a neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorder. The aim was to present a series of cases with persistent lymph node enlargement that featured some germinal centres showing light chain immunoglobulin restriction. METHODS AND RESULTS: A series of six reactive lymphadenitis and two Castleman's disease cases was analysed by immunohistochemistry, IgH-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microdissected PCR. In all cases some germinal centres contained a population of plasma cells and plasmacytoid germinal centre cells showing light chain immunoglobulin restriction. In three cases the monotypic cells also showed distinct Bcl-2 expression. Two of the cases showed a predominant IgH rearrangement on a florid polyclonal background and one had an IgH monoclonal rearrangement, as revealed by PCR. Microdissected germinal centre PCR revealed a dominant repeated band in one of three cases and in another case a non-repeated clonal peak was observed. One of the patients developed a follicular lymphoma, which became evident from a subsequent biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may be a manifestation of an underlying disorder in the regulation of the immune response, or an exaggeration of the germinal centre oligoclonal nature. This should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of follicular hyperplasia.

[Ostomies of the digestive tract. PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy]. / Ostomías de alimentación. La sonda PEG (gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea).

After reviewing the antecedents of an PEG Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Probe, the authors analyze the indications for its usage, the possible complications and the care procedures which the entire process for a PEG requires and the subsequent at home follow up patient care. Finally, the authors evaluate some recommendations to bear in mind so that this entire procedure is convenient for the patient and so that the patient's quality of life improves.

Ostomías de alimentación / Osteomas in the digestive tract

Tras repasar los antecedentes de la sonda PEG (gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea), se analizan sus indicaciones de colocación, las posibles complicaciones y los cuidados que requiere todo este proceso y su seguimiento domiciliario. Por último se valoran las recomendaciones a tener en cuenta para que todo el proceso sea idóneo para el paciente y aumente su calidad de vida (AU)

A study on the microbiota from olive-mill wastewater (OMW) disposal lagoons, with emphasis on filamentous fungi and their biodegradative potential.

The microbial composition of olive mill wastewater (OMW) from four disposal ponds has been studied. Such OMW samples contained a variable (but high) number of bacteria, yeasts and molds. Among the latest, members of twelve different genera (Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chalara, Fusarium, Lecytophora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phoma, Phycomyces, Rhinocladiella and Scopulariopsis) were found. Members of five genera (Chalara, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium and Scopulariopsis) were widely distributed, and they were able to grow efficiently in undiluted OMW as a sole source of nutrients. Strains of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium and Scopulariopsis showed a marked capacity for OMW detoxification, depleting its antibacterial activity almost completely.

Root canal treatment of an invaginated maxillary lateral incisor with a C-shaped canal.

The endodontic treatment of an atypical maxillary lateral incisor that contained a C-shaped root canal is described. The unusual anatomic configuration of this particular tooth and the advantage of using image magnification to facilitate endodontic treatment are discussed.

Anticoagulative effect of nitric oxide inhalation in ARDS.

Some studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) may cause platelet dysfunction. We present an ARDS patient who need this treatment, with a transient alteration of platelet function and a significant prolongation of bleeding time.

Reaching emotionally disturbed children: 'judo' principles in remedial education.

The importance of the interpersonal meanings of symptomatology, especially as they relate to issues of control in therapy, is explored across a wide variety of treatment approaches. It is concluded that the often destructive behavior of distrubed adolescents may be viewed not simply as pathology to be altered, but as potential strength to be channeled. Implications for therapeutic technique are discussed, and examples are offered.