RESUMO
The current model for medical education is based on the Master-Apprentice model which was adopted into practice over a century ago. Since then, there have been many changes in healthcare and the environment in which trainees learn, practice and become proficient in procedural and critical thinking skills. The current model for medical education has however, not changed considerably in this time frame, resulting in significant limitations to trainee education. Simulator-based training is a technique which can minimize the limitations of the apprenticeship model by mitigating the effect of time constraints, increased emphasis on patient safety and satisfaction and nonstandardization of Interventional Radiology (IR) curricula. Currently, simulators are utilized in some IR programs, however robust research into simulators must be performed to prove the educational validity of simulators and support formalization and widespread integration of simulation based training into a new, improved and standardized IR curriculum.
Assuntos
Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Radiografia Intervencionista , Radiologia Intervencionista/educação , Treinamento por Simulação , Competência Clínica , Currículo , Humanos , Curva de Aprendizado , Segurança do Paciente , Radiografia Intervencionista/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Over the past 30 years, image-guided placement of gastrostomies and cecostomies for gastrointestinal decompression has developed into a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic bowel obstruction. Gastrostomies and cecostomies relieve patient symptoms, can prevent serious complications such as colonic perforation, and may bridge patients to more definitive treatment for the underlying cause of obstruction. This article will review the history of decompressive gastrostomies and cecostomies as well as the indications, contraindications, technique, complications, and outcomes of these procedures.
Assuntos
Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Micro-Ondas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should be implemented in the high-risk population. High-risk population includes patients with cirrhosis of any etiology, patients with chronic hepatitis B virus with or without cirrhosis, and patients with chronic hepatitis C virus with cirrhosis. A randomized controlled trial of over 18,000 high-risk individuals demonstrated that biannual screening reduced HCC-related mortality by 37%. The screening test of choice is ultrasound imaging with an interval of 6 months.
