RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess any change in the oral flora in the mouths of stroke patients during the acute and rehabilitation phases and to determine whether this is related to episodes of aspiration pneumonia and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study was carried out in hospital wards in a University teaching hospital. The subjects were patients immediately post-stroke and during the rehabilitation period, acute admissions and a group of healthy volunteers. An assessment of dentition and swallow in the presence or absence of oral aerobic gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) was correlated. RESULTS: Of the acute stroke patients 52% had an unsafe swallow. AGNB carriage was documented in 34% of the acute stroke group. Of the 11 patients who died 55% had AGNB, 73% had an unsafe swallow and 36% had a combination of both. CONCLUSION: AGNB is a common finding in acute stroke patients. It is not a consequence of age or acute hospitalisation and is associated with an unsafe swallow and a higher mortality.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/etiologia , Pneumonia Aspirativa/microbiologia , Estomatite/microbiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Boca/microbiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether salivary endotoxin could be used as a predictor of infection in pediatric patients (n = 12). STUDY DESIGN: Oropharyngeal carriage of aerobic gram-negative bacilli was monitored and salivary endotoxin concentration determined. Age-matched and gender-matched healthy children were used as controls. RESULTS: The range of salivary endotoxin concentrations in the healthy pediatric population was similar to the range previously reported for healthy adults (0-20 ng/mL; 0-240 EU/mL). CONCLUSION: It was found that salivary endotoxin was not an accurate predictor of sepsis and did not correlate with oropharyngeal carriage of aerobic gram-negative bacilli.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Endotoxinas/análise , Leucemia/complicações , Saliva/química , Adolescente , Bactérias Aeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Teste do Limulus , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicações , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Oral colonisation with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) is abnormal and usually indicates a medically compromised state in the host. It has been postulated that oral colonisation with AGNB may predispose a patient to serious systemic infection, but proof of this assertion is lacking. This report describes an elderly patient who had oral colonisation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and developed septicaemia from an identical strain of this bacterium.
Assuntos
Boca/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/diagnóstico , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Sepse/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Infecção Focal Dentária/complicações , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/complicações , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/complicações , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Sepse/microbiologiaRESUMO
Clinical audit revealed that the treatment of oral candidosis was more successful with nystatin pastilles than with nystatin suspension. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the reasons for this observation. The concentration of nystatin needed to kill 49 consecutive clinical isolates of Candida albicans was measured. The isolates varied in cidal concentrations from 1.875 to 30 U/ml. The time taken to kill these isolates at their cidal concentrations was found to vary from 120 to 300 min. Volunteer studies showed that antifungal activity in the oral cavity was eliminated rapidly after the use of nystatin suspension. In contrast, the polyene could be detected for at least 5 hours after use of the nystatin pastille. The nystatin pastille can be expected to be more effective at killing Candida albicans than the suspension due to its persistent effects.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Candidíase Bucal/tratamento farmacológico , Nistatina/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Auditoria Médica , Boca/metabolismo , Nistatina/farmacocinética , Polienos/administração & dosagem , Polienos/farmacocinética , Soluções , Comprimidos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We report a case of oropharyngeal and oesophageal candidiasis in a 23-year-old man with endocrinopathy syndrome. Multiple episodes of infection were treated with topical miconazole, oral ketoconazole (200 mg daily) or oral fluconazole (50 mg daily) over a period of 7 years. The final episode failed to respond to ketoconazole (200 mg daily) or fluconazole (200 mg daily), but was treated successfully by increasing the fluconazole dose to 400 mg daily for 6 months. The patient was maintained on fluconazole 200 mg daily without relapse. Serial Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavity were clonally related by RFLP analyses of genomic DNA, and were resistant to fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole in vitro. We conclude that fluconazole 400 mg daily is effective against oropharyngeal and oesophageal candidiasis in a patient with endocrinopathy syndrome, despite the infecting Candida albicans strains being resistant to azole antifungals in vitro.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/complicações , Esôfago , Fluconazol/administração & dosagem , Orofaringe , Adulto , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candidíase/etiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The aim of this investigation was to study the possible emergence of resistant isolates of the genus Staphylococcus on the hands of dental personnel who use 'Hibiscrub' (chlorhexidine-detergent preparation) and cetyl pyridinium-coated gloves. Resistance was determined by a rate-of-kill technique. In four dental student groups (first, second, third and fourth years) no microorganisms survived 30 min exposure to cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) or to chlorhexidine diacetate (CDA). In a theatre staff group, no microorganisms survived 30 s exposure to CPC; and only one of 23 isolates survived 30 min exposure to CDA, but was killed after 60 min exposure. It is concluded that staphylococci resistant to either of these disinfectants do not present a problem in dental students or theatre staff.