Segregation of apricot accessions on the basis of fruit quality attributes / Segregação de genótipos de damasco na base das características quantitativas do fruto

The objective of this study was to characterize the European apricot germplasm that was collected in Cacak and Smederevo region, Central Serbia. Fifteen physical, chemical and sensorial traits were investigated in this germplasm consisting 14 accessions during a two year period. High variations were recorded in fruit weight, soluble solids content, ripening index, index of sweetness and total mineral mater, whereas variations in stone weight, titratable acidity and total sugars were smaller. Most of the accessions had large fruits with weight ≥60 g; two accessions had a fruit weight ≥80 g. Generally, fruits had a good aroma, firm flesh, orange and yellow flesh and skin color, respectively, and sweet kernel taste. High correlations were found between some evaluated properties. The accessions were grouped into four clusters according to their potential. Using a principal component analysis, accessions were segregated into groups with similar physical, chemical and sensorial properties. These relationships may help in selection of a set of accessions with better fruit quality performances, which, in our study, were found in T-1, T-2, T-10, T-13 and T-14.

Mudanças sazonais no teor de sódio dos órgãos, tamanho do fruto e produção da ameixeira européia (Prunus domestica L.) em função de porta-enxertos em solo ácido / Seasonal changes and content of sodium in main organs of European plum trees (Prunus domestica L.), fruit size and yield as affected by rootstocks on acidic soil

Neste estudo, foram analisadas as mudanças sazonais do teor de Na nos ramos, botões florais e flores, bem como no peso dos frutos e na produtividade de duas cultivares de ameixeiras européias (Cacanska lepotica e Cacanska najbolja) enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehch.) e Stanley, aos 6-8 anos após o plantio em solo ácido areno-argiloso. O conteúdo de Na nos ramos e nos botões florais para cada combinação de copa/porta-enxerto teve a variação durante a temporada e o maior teor foi constatado em maio e agôsto, respectivamente. A influência do porta-enxerto sobre os parâmetros estudados foi variável devido à forte interação copa/porta-enxerto/ano. Os ramos e botãos florais das plantas enxertadas sobre os porta-enxerto Stanley e Myrobalan, tiveram o maior e o menor teor de Na, respectivamente; enquanto o maior teor de Na nas flores foi registrado na Cacanska lepotica sobre o porta-enxerto Myrobalan. O conteúdo de Na nos órgãos de ameixa teve a seguinte evolução: ramos de 1 ano > ramos de 2 anos > botões florai > flores. Não houve correlação significativa entre os órgãos da ameixeira em termos de teor de Na. A Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou que o porta-enxerto Stanley teve uma capacidade maior de armazenamento e distribuição de Na do que o porta-enxerto Myrobalan nas plantas. O teor de Na nos órgãos da ameixeira e o solo áci

In the present study, the seasonal changes of Na content of shoots, flower buds and flowers, and fruit weight and yield of two European plum cultivars (Cacanska Lepotica and Cacanska Najbolja) budded on Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) and Stanley rootstocks were analyzed after 6-8 years of planting on acidic sandy-loam soil. The Na content of the shoots and flower buds of each rootstock/cultivar combination varied during season, and the highest content in above organs was observed in May and August, respectively. The effect of rootstocks on the examined parameters was variable due to the strong rootstock/cultivar/year interaction observed. The shoots and flower buds of cultivars budded on Stanley and Myrobalan rootstocks gave the highest and lowest Na content, respectively, whereas the highest Na content in flowers registered in Cacanska Lepotica on Myrobalan. The content of Na in the plum organs suggests the following trends: 1-year old shoots > 2-year-old shoots > flower buds > flowers. There were no statistically significant correlations among plum organs with respect to Na content. The Principal Component Analysis showed that Stanley rootstock had a higher Na accumulation and distribution capacity than Myrobalan rootstock in plum trees. Finally, content of Na in the main organs of plum trees and acidic soil have not a negative effect on fruit weight and y

Mudanças sazonais no teor de sódio dos órgãos, tamanho do fruto e produção da ameixeira européia (Prunus domestica L.) em função de porta-enxertos em solo ácido / Seasonal changes and content of sodium in main organs of European plum trees (Prunus domestica L.), fruit size and yield as affected by rootstocks on acidic soil

Neste estudo, foram analisadas as mudanças sazonais do teor de Na nos ramos, botões florais e flores, bem como no peso dos frutos e na produtividade de duas cultivares de ameixeiras européias (Cacanska lepotica e Cacanska najbolja) enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehch.) e Stanley, aos 6-8 anos após o plantio em solo ácido areno-argiloso. O conteúdo de Na nos ramos e nos botões florais para cada combinação de copa/porta-enxerto teve a variação durante a temporada e o maior teor foi constatado em maio e agôsto, respectivamente. A influência do porta-enxerto sobre os parâmetros estudados foi variável devido à forte interação copa/porta-enxerto/ano. Os ramos e botãos florais das plantas enxertadas sobre os porta-enxerto Stanley e Myrobalan, tiveram o maior e o menor teor de Na, respectivamente; enquanto o maior teor de Na nas flores foi registrado na Cacanska lepotica sobre o porta-enxerto Myrobalan. O conteúdo de Na nos órgãos de ameixa teve a seguinte evolução: ramos de 1 ano > ramos de 2 anos > botões florai > flores. Não houve correlação significativa entre os órgãos da ameixeira em termos de teor de Na. A Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou que o porta-enxerto Stanley teve uma capacidade maior de armazenamento e distribuição de Na do que o porta-enxerto Myrobalan nas plantas. O teor de Na nos órgãos da ameixeira e o solo áci

In the present study, the seasonal changes of Na content of shoots, flower buds and flowers, and fruit weight and yield of two European plum cultivars (Cacanska Lepotica and Cacanska Najbolja) budded on Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) and Stanley rootstocks were analyzed after 6-8 years of planting on acidic sandy-loam soil. The Na content of the shoots and flower buds of each rootstock/cultivar combination varied during season, and the highest content in above organs was observed in May and August, respectively. The effect of rootstocks on the examined parameters was variable due to the strong rootstock/cultivar/year interaction observed. The shoots and flower buds of cultivars budded on Stanley and Myrobalan rootstocks gave the highest and lowest Na content, respectively, whereas the highest Na content in flowers registered in Cacanska Lepotica on Myrobalan. The content of Na in the plum organs suggests the following trends: 1-year old shoots > 2-year-old shoots > flower buds > flowers. There were no statistically significant correlations among plum organs with respect to Na content. The Principal Component Analysis showed that Stanley rootstock had a higher Na accumulation and distribution capacity than Myrobalan rootstock in plum trees. Finally, content of Na in the main organs of plum trees and acidic soil have not a negative effect on fruit weight and y

Morphogenic variability of some autochthonous plum cultivars in western Serbia

A study conducted over a period of two years in a Western Serbian valley included in situ identification of autochthonous plum cultivars. Observation and recording of their phenological and pomological traits were performed using IBPGR and UPOV methodologies. Fifteen cultivars derived from Prunus domestica L. and two cultivars derived from P. insititia L. were identified. Flowering started between 24 March and 7 April and fruit ripening between 12 July (Petrovača) and 16 September (Trnovača). Fruit weight ranged from 6.79± 0.018 to 36.62± 0.251 g and stone weight from 0.14± 0.002 to 1.95± 0.023 g. The cultivars were classified as being extremely small in terms of fruit size. Rounded fruit shape and light-yellow ground colour were dominant. Skin colour ranged from amber to black. Yellow green was a dominant flesh colour and medium flesh firmness predominated. The fruits of the above cultivars could be processed, particularly into plum brandy, or they could be used fresh or dried. The selected plum cultivars can be used both in breeding programmes and as rootstocks as well as in further disease-related systematic studies under field and laboratory conditions.

Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) yield as affected by the soil pH.

Two-year trials (20062007) suggested that the use of calcium oxide (CaO) on acid soils increased soil pH and yields in strawberry cultivars Marmolada, Selena and Senga Sengana, under the environmental conditions of Cacak (Western Serbia). The highest yield was obtained when CaO was applied at 750 kg ha-1 rate. Further increase in rate up to 1,500 kg ha-1 did not show corresponding increase in yield; the result was a slight yield drop compared to the peak yield shown at 750 kg ha(1) rate. Overall, yields at rates above 750 kg ha(1) were still higher than control and in the treatment employing lowest CaO application rate of 250 kg ha-1.

Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. ) yiel das affected by the soil pH

Two-year trials (20062007) suggested that the use of calcium oxide (CaO) on acid soils increased soil pH and yields in strawberry cultivars Marmolada, Selena and Senga Sengana, under the environmental conditions of Cacak (Western Serbia). The highest yield was obtained when CaO was applied at 750 kg ha-1 rate. Further increase in rate up to 1,500 kg ha-1 did not show corresponding increase in yield; the result was a slight yield drop compared to the peak yield shown at 750 kg ha¹ rate. Overall, yields at rates above 750 kg ha¹ were still higher than control and in the treatment employing lowest CaO application rate of 250 kg ha-1.

Dois anos de ensaios (2006-2007) sugeriram que o uso deóxido cálcio (CaO) em solos ácidos aumentou o pH do soloe o rendimento das cultivares de morango, Marmolada, Selena e Senga Sengana, sob as condições ambientais de Cacak (oeste da Sérvia). O rendimento mais elevado foi obtido quando CaO foi aplicado na quantidade de 750 kg ha-1. O aumento da quantidade para nível até 1500 kg ha-1 não mostrouaumento correspondente do rendimento; o resultado foi umaligeira queda em comparação com o rendimento máximo obtidoa 750 kg ha¹. Globalmente, os resultados a taxas superiores a 750 kg ha¹ foram ainda mais elevados do que no controle e no tratamento empregando quantidade mais baixa de 250 kg ha-1 de CaO.