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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 35(3): 407-418, jul.-sep. 2015. mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-765469

RESUMO

Introducción. El Salvador no cuenta con datos actualizados de prevalencia en menores de 15 años de la infección por helmintos transmitidos por contacto con el suelo. Además, al ser uno de los países en las Américas que reporta un número bajo de casos de malaria, se considera que su eliminación allí es factible. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y la intensidad de la infección por geohelmintos y la prevalencia de Plasmodium spp. en escolares de 8 a 10 años de El Salvador. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal en las cinco zonas eco-epidemiológicas del país (planicie costera, depresión central, cadena volcánica, cadena costera y zona montañosa). La presencia de geohelmintiasis se estudió en 1.325 estudiantes y, la de malaria, en 152. Se utilizó la técnica de Kato-Katz para la detección de geohelmintos, y para el diagnóstico de la malaria, una prueba rápida, el estudio mediante microscopía y la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Resultados. La prevalencia total de geohelmintiasis fue de 7,9 % (IC 95% 6,6-9,5). En la planicie costera fue de 14,9 % (IC 95% 10,9-19,7); en la depresión central, de 9,4 % (IC 95% 6,5-13,3); en la cadena volcánica, de 6,6 % (IC 95% 4,2-10,5); en la cadena costera, de 5,9 % (IC 95% 3,8-9,4), y en la cadena montañosa, de 2,6 % (IC 95% 1,4-5,7). La proporción de infección de gran intensidad debida a cualquiera de las especies de geohelmintos fue de 0,3 %. No se encontraron escolares infectados con Plasmodium spp. Conclusión. La prevalencia de geohelmintos fue baja y la especie más prevalente fue Trichuris trichiura . La intensidad de la infección debida a cualquiera de las especies de geohelmintos fue leve (<1 %). Los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por geohelmintos fueron la defecación al aire libre, no usar calzado y vivir en la planicie costera.


Introduction: El Salvador does not have recent data on the prevalence of infection with soil-transmitted helminths among children aged under 15 years of age. As one of the countries in the Americas that reports few malaria cases, eradication of this disease from El Salvador is considered to be feasible. Objective: To determine the prevalence and intensity of infection by soil-transmitted helminths, as well as the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in schoolchildren aged 8-10. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in each of the five eco-epidemiological zones of the country (coastal plain, central basin, volcanic range, coastal range and mountain zone). In all 1,325 students we studied the presence of geohelminthiasis, with 152 of them also being tested for malaria. The Kato-Katz technique was used to detect geohelminths while diagnosis of malaria was performed using the rapid diagnostic test, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Results: The overall prevalence of geohelminthiasis was 7.9% (95%CI 6.6-9.5%). Values for the five eco-epidemiological zones were as follows: coastal plain, 14.9% (95%CI 10.9-19.7%); central plateau, 9.4% (95%CI 6.5-13.3%); volcanic range, 6.6% (95%CI 4.2-10.5%); coastal range, 5.9% (95%CI 3.8-9.4%), and mountain zone, 2.6% (95%CI 1.4-5.7%). The overall rate of high intensity infection with any of the geohelminth species was 0.3%. No schoolchildren were found infected with Plasmodium spp. by any of the three diagnostic techniques used. Conclusion: Prevalence of geohelminths was low and Trichuris trichiura was the predominant species. Intensity of infection with any of the species of geohelminths was light (<1%). The risk factors associated with infection by soil-transmitted helminths were defecation in the open air, being barefoot and living in coastal areas.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Malária/epidemiologia , Solo/parasitologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , El Salvador/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Coinfecção , Geografia Médica , Helmintíase/parasitologia , Helmintíase/transmissão , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/transmissão
2.
Biomedica ; 35(3): 407-18, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26849702

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: El Salvador does not have recent data on the prevalence of infection with soil-transmitted helminths among children aged under 15 years of age. As one of the countries in the Americas that reports few malaria cases, eradication of this disease from El Salvador is considered to be feasible. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and intensity of infection by soil-transmitted helminths, as well as the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in schoolchildren aged 8-10. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in each of the five eco-epidemiological zones of the country (coastal plain, central basin, volcanic range, coastal range and mountain zone). In all 1,325 students we studied the presence of geohelminthiasis, with 152 of them also being tested for malaria. The Kato-Katz technique was used to detect geohelminths while diagnosis of malaria was performed using the rapid diagnostic test, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of geohelminthiasis was 7.9% (95%CI 6.6-9.5%). Values for the five eco-epidemiological zones were as follows: coastal plain, 14.9% (95%CI 10.9-19.7%); central plateau, 9.4% (95%CI 6.5-13.3%); volcanic range, 6.6% (95%CI 4.2-10.5%); coastal range, 5.9% (95%CI 3.8-9.4%), and mountain zone, 2.6% (95%CI 1.4-5.7%). The overall rate of high intensity infection with any of the geohelminth species was 0.3%. No schoolchildren were found infected with Plasmodium spp. by any of the three diagnostic techniques used. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of geohelminths was low and Trichuris trichiura was the predominant species. Intensity of infection with any of the species of geohelminths was light (<1%). The risk factors associated with infection by soil-transmitted helminths were defecation in the open air, being barefoot and living in coastal areas.


Assuntos
Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Malária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Coinfecção , Estudos Transversais , El Salvador/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Geografia Médica , Helmintíase/parasitologia , Helmintíase/transmissão , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Solo/parasitologia
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 52(1): 261-267, mar. 2004. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-401261

RESUMO

En este estudio se presenta un modelo in vitro de cultivo de fibroblastos de piel de hámster, ratón y rata hecho con el propósito de determinar diferencias encuanto a la susceptibilidad a la infección por dos especies del género Leishmania (Kinetoplastida : Trypanosomatidae). Se analizó además un estudio ultraestructural por microscopía electrónica de transmisión con el fin de establecer si las formas intracelulares observadas correspondían a multiplicación interna o fagocitosis múltiple. Se estudió la multiplicación de los parásitos en los fibroblastos de las tres especies de roedores infectados tanto por Leishmania infantum como por L. mexicana (cepa OCR) y las diferencias entre las tres fueron estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05). Se observó la reproducción del parásito en las células de hámster y ratón no así en las de rata, razón por la cual a este último animal se le consdideró refractario a la infección. Con base en lo anterior se sugiere que la afinidad de un protozaorio por las células de un individuo así como la resistencia al ambiente intracelular pueden depender de la constitución genética de este. El análisis ultraestructural demostró la reproducción de los amastigotos dentro de vacuolas parasitóforas por lo que se descarta que la presencia de estos se deba a su transformación luego de la entrada al fibroblasto. Se sugiere entonces que dichas células podrían servir para la supervivencia del parásito y la permanencia de este parásito en los animales infectados


Assuntos
Cricetinae , Ratos , Camundongos , Fibroblastos , Leishmania , Leishmania infantum , Leishmania mexicana
4.
Rev Biol Trop ; 52(1): 261-7, 2004 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17357424

RESUMO

Infection and multiplication of Leishmania infantum and L. mexicana inside of skin fibroblasts from hamsters, mice and rats was achieved. This process was demonstrated either by counting parasites inside the stained cells or by electronic microscopy studies. In addition multiplication rate differences in the cells from these rodent species were determined, for L. infantum as well as for L. mexicana. Parasite development in hamsters and mice fibroblasts was evident but there was not multiplication in rat cells showing that apparently they are refractory to Leishmania infection. These results suggest that the parasite affinity for each animal, as well as any intracellular environment resistance, could involve genetic factors in the parasite multiplication. On the other hand, presence of amastigote multiplication inside of parasitophorus vacuole, showed by electronic microscopy images, probes a true parasite transformation. Therefore it is suggested that fibroblasts could work as host cells for parasite survival and permanency in the infected animals.


Assuntos
Fibroblastos/parasitologia , Leishmania infantum/fisiologia , Leishmania mexicana/fisiologia , Pele/parasitologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Feminino , Fibroblastos/ultraestrutura , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Camundongos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Pele/ultraestrutura , Fatores de Tempo
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