Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Factors in the Non-Formal Context of Basketball Coaches in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Psychological distress and psychosocial factors are studied in the sports context in players of various specialties, but are only little studied with coaches who carry out their work with these athletes; that is where we put the emphasis, trying to determine the perception of coaches on psychological distress and psychosocial risk factors that may influence their sports work in times of a pandemic. It is an ex post facto study with a single-group retrospective design, with a representative sample of 94 coaches out of a possible 109. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the short version of the ISTAS21 Psychosocial Risk Assessment at Work Questionnaire were adapted to the sports context. The results show that the youngest, those with the least experience and level 1 and level 2 coaches show the highest levels of stress. According to the psychosocial risk assessment, level 1 and 2 coaches, with experience between 6 to 10 years, are in the risk zone. Therefore, it is important to work with a group of coaches who are in the psychosocial risk zone and with high levels of psychological discomfort in order to avoid mental, emotional and physical stress, for the good performance of their work in the best possible conditions.

Validation of a questionnaire on the use of Interactive Response System in Higher Education.

OBJETIVO: this study aims to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the students' perception of the use of IRS as a technopedagogical resource in the classroom. METHOD: a 24 items questionnaire (Interactive Response System for the Improvement of the Teaching-Learning Process) was designed ad hoc for this research and applied to 142 university students. RESULTS: both the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis yielded 3 dimensions: classroom environment, teaching-learning processes and learning assessment. The results obtained both in reliability (Cronbach's alpha= 0.955) and in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (χ2/df=1.944, CFI=0.97; GFI=0.78; RMR=0.077; RMSEA=0.08) reveal highly satisfactory indices. CONCLUSION: statistical analyses confirm that this instrument is a valid, reliable, and easy-to-apply tool for professors to evaluate the student perception of student-centred learning.

Analysis of Novel Basketball Coaches: Pedagogical Content Knowledge Using Mixed Methodology.

The aim of this article is to know the role of learning tasks within the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of novel sports coaches in initial stages of sports training of children/young people and their impact on their daily work. Participants are two coaches in their first or second working year. A mixed methodology was used by means of polar coordinates analysis. The results agree with previous studies that established that (1) PCK of novel coaches presents deficits in task selection and modification, (2) motivation is the key factor determining tasks selection process, and (3) they do not know how much time they should dedicate to each task. Even so, better development was found in the PCK of the coaches.

Validation of a questionnaire on the use of Interactive Response System in Higher Education / Validação do questionário sobre a utilização de Dispositivos Móveis Interativos no Ensino Superior / Validación del cuestionario sobre uso de Mandos Interactivos de Respuesta en la Educación Superior

Objetivo: this study aims to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the students' perception of the use of IRS as a technopedagogical resource in the classroom. Method: a 24 items questionnaire (Interactive Response System for the Improvement of the Teaching-Learning Process) was designed ad hoc for this research and applied to 142 university students. Results: both the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis yielded 3 dimensions: classroom environment, teaching-learning processes and learning assessment. The results obtained both in reliability (Cronbach's alpha= 0.955) and in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (χ2/df=1.944, CFI=0.97; GFI=0.78; RMR=0.077; RMSEA=0.08) reveal highly satisfactory indices. Conclusion: statistical analyses confirm that this instrument is a valid, reliable, and easy-to-apply tool for professors to evaluate the student perception of student-centred learning.

Objetivo: o presente estudo visa conceber e validar um instrumento para medir a percepção dos estudantes universitários sobre a utilização dos Dispositivos Móveis Interativos (MIR) como recurso tecnológico-pedagógico na sala de aula. Método: foi aplicado o questionário "Mandos Interactivos de Respuesta para la Mejora del Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje", criado ad hoc para esta investigação, composto por 24 itens e aplicado a 142 estudantes universitários. Resultados: tanto a análise fatorial exploratória quanto a confirmatória desembocam em 3 dimensões: ambiente de sala de aula, processos de ensino-aprendizagem e avaliação. Os resultados obtidos tanto na confiabilidade (alfa de Cronbach 0,955) como na análise fatorial confirmatória (χ2/gl=1,944, CFI=0,97; GFI=0,78; RMR=0,077; RMSEA=0,08) produzem índices altamente satisfatórios. Conclusão: análises estatísticas mostram que este instrumento é válido, confiável e fácil de aplicar para os professores avaliarem a experiência estudantil de aprendizagem centrada no aluno.

Objetivo: el presente estudio tiene como objetivo diseñar y validar un cuestionario que permita medir la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios del uso de los MIR como recurso tecnopedagógico en el aula. Método: se aplicó el cuestionario Mandos Interactivos de Respuesta para la Mejora del Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje, creado ad hoc para esta investigación, que está formado por 24 ítems, aplicado a 142 estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: tanto el análisis factorial exploratorio como el confirmatorio arrojan tres dimensiones: ambiente de clase, los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la evaluación. Los resultados obtenidos tanto en la fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach 0.955) como en el análisis factorial confirmatorio (χ2/gl=1.944, CFI=0.97; GFI=0.78; RMR=0.077; RMSEA=0.08) arrojan índices altamente satisfactorios. Conclusión: los análisis estadísticos muestran que este instrumento es una herramienta válida, fiable y de fácil aplicación para el docente que le permitirá evaluar la experiencia del alumnado sobre el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante.

Influence of COVID-19 on the Perception of Academic Self-Efficacy, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety in College Students.

The worldwide pandemic situation caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a state of confinement of the population, which has caused, following consulted research, an increase in stress. Faced with this situation, the Spanish university not only had to adapt to the changes derived from the causes of the pandemic but also had to face a new methodological model-e-learning teaching-for which not all teachers and students were prepared. This could cause an increase in stress due to the uncertainty caused by this time of change. This research analyzes the relationship between perceived self-efficacy in the confinement period and the level of trait anxiety (TA) and state anxiety (SA) during COVID-19. Four hundred twenty-seven students from the University of Granada (Spain) participated in this study. The adaptation of two scales that measure perceived academic self-efficacy and anxiety (TA and SA) has been applied. The results indicated that there was an inversely proportional relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy; men showed the highest perception of self-efficacy, while women had higher scores in TA and SA; the latter was accentuated in cases when a relative died. To conclude, students who show a higher level of anxiety (TA and SA) express more negative emotions and also perceive themselves with less academic self-efficacy. Therefore, a stressful situation (pandemic and confinement) together with a critical event (illness and death of a relative/friend due to COVID-19) increases anxiety levels and influences the perception of academic self-efficacy.