[Incidence of preterm births in the IMSS (2007-2012)]. / Incidencia de nacimientos pretérmino en el IMSS (2007-2012).

BACKGROUND: The birth of a premature child implies an expense raised for the families and the systems of health for the possibilities of visual, auditory disability and problems of learning. The rate of premature births, according to the WHO, goes from 5 to 18 %, for what it was found that it will have to diminish. OBJECTIVE: Knows the behavior of the incident of the childbirth pretérmino in the Mexican Institute of the Social Insurance (IMSS) during the period 2007-2012 in the hospitals of the second and third level of attention ginecoobstétrica. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study in which there was analyzed the existing information of the cases brought of birth pretérmino in the IMSS (2007-2012). Proved: the total of births was of born 3,135,755 alive, of this 7.7 % they were pretérmino in all the conditions of the Republic, which on having differed with the second level of attention existed 188,715 (6.8%) born pretérmino and the third level of attention (Medical Units of Alta Especialidad, UMAES) with 51,635 (13.7%) born pretérmino (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The total of births was of born 3,135,755 alive, of this 7.7% they were pretérmino in all the conditions of the Republic, which on having differed with the second level of attention existed 188,715 (6.8%) born pretérmino and the third level of attention (Medical Units of Alta Especialidad, UMAES) with 51,635 (13.7%) born pretérmino (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The strategies to approach the problem of the prematurez are the prevention of the childbirth and the care perinatal to diminish the mortality of the baby and to increase his quality of life for what it is necessary to reinforce the contraceptive Council in the teenagers, to spread the births, as well as the detection and treatment of the infections genitourinarias.

Morbilidad y mortalidad en neonatos de bajo peso al nacer / Morbidity and mortality in low birth weight newborn

Con el objetivo de analizar la morbilidad y mortalidad de los neonatos de bajo peso al nacer, se estudiaron 415 neonatos cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron el de peso menor a 2,500 g al nacer y de exclusión, la presencia de malformaciones congénitas mayores. La población se dividió para su estudio en tres grupos: menores de 1,000g, de 1,000-1,499 g y de 1,500-2,499 g y de cada grupo se dividió de acuerdo a su trofismo en adecuados (AEG) y pequeños (PEG) para la edad gestacional. Las tasas de mortalidad fueron más elevadas en el grupo de los menores de 1,000 g. Del total de la población el 33%correspondió a neonatos PEG y el 76%a neonatos AEG; la morbilidad intrahospitalaria presentada fué diferente en cada grupo de estudio, siendo los neonatos PEG los de menor morbilidad y menor número de días estancia hospitalaria presentaron, independientemente del peso al nacer. En nuestro estudio no hubo diferencias observados en relación al grado de asfixia al nacer y el trofismo, por lo que consideramos que la menor morbilidad de los PEG, se debió a que éstos nacieron en buenas condiciones