RESUMO
Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by an oral burning sensation in the absence of anyorganic disorders of the oral cavity. Although the cause of BMS is not known, a complex association of biologicaland psychological factors has been identified, suggesting the existence of a multifactorial etiology.Material and Method: A PubMed/Medline search was used to identify articles describing the different hypothesesregarding the etiology of BMS, as well as the psychological and anatomical data upon which such hypotheses arefundamented.Results: A review and update was made of the different hypotheses relating to the etiology of BMS (psychogenicfactors, hormone disorders, neuropathic alterations, oral phantom pain, neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation),with a view to globally establishing possible relationships among them.Conclusions: In-depth investigation is needed to clarify the etiopathogenic mechanisms of BMS and its triggeringfactors, in order to develop effective and individualized management strategies that can be extended to patients ineach different BMS subgroup (AU)
