The effect of a home exercise program for patients with hemophilia / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<b>Introduction</b> : The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of a home exercise (HE) program for hemophilic patients.<br><b>Methods</b> : An intervention study was conducted over twelve weeks for patients aged 16 to 60 years, inclusive. Exercise guidance to assist in the improvement of their knee function was provided to the patients. Using questionnaires and assessments of physical function, we measured the physical condition of the patients before and after HE. Guidance about the strengthening of knee extensor muscles, static stretching of knee flexor muscles and standing balance training, as well as advice for the promotion of physical activities, was provided on an individualized basis. Muscle force and range of motion of the knee, modified Functional Reach (mFRT), 10 meter walking time, and 3 minute gait distance were all measured. All patients were surveyed for bleeding frequency, activities of daily living (ADL), and health related quality of life (HRQOL : SF-36), respectively.<br><b>Results</b> : Twenty-two patients with an average age of 37.2 years, were included in the analysis, with 86.4% of them having a history of severe of hemophilia (coagulation factor level <0.01 IU mL−1). There were significant improvements in strength of knee extensor and range of extension of the knees, mFRT, 10 meter gait time, 3 minute gait distance, ADL, and physical function of SF 36. There was a significant correlation between Ex for locomotive activities and change of 3 minute gait distance. No increase in bleeding frequency was noted.<br><b>Conclusion</b> : HE for hemophilic patients is useful for the improvement of muscle force and range extension of the knees, mFRT, gait speed, and ADL. Individualised guidance for improvement of physical activities and knee function is necessary for improvement of overall physical function.

Vagus nerve neuromonitoring during carotid endarterectomy.

To determine the causes and site(s) of nerve injury and to identify potential predictors of vocal fold paralysis (VFP) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by application of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). A total of 68 CEA patients were enrolled in this study. A 3-step IONM procedure was designed to obtain vocal fold EMG data at V1 (just after identification of the vagus nerve [VN]), V2 (just before arteriotomy), and V3 (just before wound closure). We also performed IONM before/after hemostasis near the VN using bipolar forceps and before/after dissection of the VN. All patients underwent laryngoscopy to assess postoperative VFP. One patient showed loss of EMG signals between V2 and V3 and developed VFP that persisted for 11 months. The other 62 patients had no loss of EMG signals, but 2 patients had confirmed VFP for 1 month after CEA. There were no changes of EMG signal before and after VN dissection or hemostasis with bipolar forceps near the VN.

Scientific Research of Strength Training / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The history of strength training might date back to the beginning of mankind. Needless to say, this does not go beyond the level of imagination.<br>The main theory of strength training, which is known today as progressive overload, was initially founded by Milo of Crotona who in the 6 th century B.C. carried a bull to strengthen his body. As the weight of the bull increased, muscle strength increased as well, which is similar to resistance training as seen in weights and various weight machines used today. The dumbbell was used from the 3 rd century, where light barbells became common in training from the 17 th century but heavy weights were not used until the 19 th century.<br>Scientific research on strength training began in 1950 with an American researcher, Peter Karpovich, which is still used to this day.

Conservative treatment for root fracture located very close to gingiva.

When a root fracture is located very close to the gingiva, the chance of healing with calcified tissue is poorest. Therefore, a preferable treatment is usually thought to be the removal of the coronal fragment and subsequent orthodontic or surgical extrusion of remaining apical fragment. This case report describes conservative treatment for root fracture located very close to the gingiva. The treatment of root fracture was by repositioning and fixation. A 7-years follow-up showed healing with calcified tissue and pulp canal obliteration.

On the analyzing results of three lifting movements of the weightlifters in Tokyo Olympic Games, mainly / 体力科学

High ranking Japanese weightlifters in Tokyo Olympics and high ranking adults and high school students in the 20th Japan National Athletic Meeting were chosen for the subjects. We made research about them for many patterns of movements of the Olympic three lifts which seemed to be the most reasonable way in analyzing the movements of the lifters, by comparing the results which were gotten by the 16 mm 64 frames side filming method with their official records and lifting marks. This led to the following conclusion :<BR>1) At the begining of the clean, dead-lift, for the press the excellent lifters accelerate the bar at a higher speed, but the increase of speed after the begining is not so much. The Olympic lifters pull up the bar bending more forward, at a knee level. But excessive forword bending makes many lifters fail to clean weell.<BR>2) Exellent lifters bigin pressing at a high speed by vigorous extension of their body, Less-trained lifters can not use vigorous extension of their body because of presing forward, or comming down the bar again, and bending the kenee joints.<BR>3) In the snatch excellent lifters pull up the bar at a higber speed to the knees, but they at a speed of lower acceleration from the knees. Even if they are excellent lifters, they often fail to snach in the case of pulling with over-acceleration at that point. It is inportant also in the snatch to use effectively the power of lower ports of the body.<BR>4) It is evident from the loci of the bar that, if the bar travells upward vertically, or near vertically, squat-style lifters need to jump back properly In the case they do not jump back the for moves back and forth excessively, many lifters fail to snatch if they jump back too much.<BR>5) In the clean for the jerk an increasing acceleration in dead lift phase during clean is necessary to become a successful lifter. It is necessary to concentrate the power of the lower parts of the body as much as possible to accelerate on the bar to a knee level. From the knee level exce lent lifters pull the bar by using the pulling power of shoulders more aectively. The barbell falling down from the dead point must be held moderately not to fall down at a high speed.<BR>6) If lifters overstrain the shoulder muscle groups and arms at the starting of the jerk and can not dip their body well in accordance weith dropp ing movement of the bar, they will fail to jerk.<BR>7) The dropping speed of the bar at the first step of the jerk must be marked more carefully at the second phase than at the first phase. Many who make it increase more at the second phase will fail to jerk.<BR>8) The bar of the excellent jerker goes up with very high speed at the begining. But of the speed of the bar after that there is no diffrence between lifters.