RESUMO
The greater wings of the sphenoid bone (GWS) comprise the components of the sphenoid bone that make up most of the posterior orbital wall and form the anterior and medial parts of the floor of the middle cranial fossa. Many important skull base foramina, which transmit vital neurovascular structures, are present in these paired wings on either side of the central body of the sphenoid bone. A wide variety of diseases can affect the GWS, ranging from benign osseus lesions to malignant primary and secondary bone abnormalities. The complex three-dimensional curved (winged) shape of the GWS and the wide array of pathologic entities that affect this bone can make it challenging for the radiologist to report the imaging findings accurately, especially in relation to the important skull base foramina. The authors describe a systematic approach to understanding the three-dimensional anatomy of the GWS and review important diseases, with the aid of imaging examples. Useful imaging "pearls" that can help in making specific diagnoses are provided throughout the article. ©RSNA, 2022.
Assuntos
Base do Crânio , Osso Esfenoide , Humanos , Base do Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Osso Esfenoide/anatomia & histologia , Osso Esfenoide/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate "in vivo" the integrity of the normal-appearing spinal cord (NASC) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to controls, using diffusion tensor MR imaging. METHODS: We studied 32 patients with MS and 17 without any neurologic disorder. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated within regions of interest at C2 and C7 levels in the four columns of the spinal cord. RESULTS: At C2, FA value was decreased in MS patients. Besides, RD value was higher in MS than in controls. At C7, MD values were increased in MS. CONCLUSION: The NASC in the right column of the cervical spinal cord showed abnormal FA, RD and MD values, which is possibly related to demyelination, since the FA abnormality was related to the RD and not to the AD.
Assuntos
Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective This study aims to evaluate “in vivo” the integrity of the normal-appearing spinal cord (NASC) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to controls, using diffusion tensor MR imaging. Methods We studied 32 patients with MS and 17 without any neurologic disorder. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated within regions of interest at C2 and C7 levels in the four columns of the spinal cord. Results At C2, FA value was decreased in MS patients. Besides, RD value was higher in MS than in controls. At C7, MD values were increased in MS. Conclusion The NASC in the right column of the cervical spinal cord showed abnormal FA, RD and MD values, which is possibly related to demyelination, since the FA abnormality was related to the RD and not to the AD. .
Objetivo Este estudo avalia “in vivo” a integridade da medula espinhal cervical aparentemente normal (MEAN) em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM) comparados aos controles, usando a imagem por tensor de difusão. Métodos Foram selecionados 32 pacientes com EM e 17 controles. Foram calculadas fração anisotrópica (FA), difusão axial (DA), difusão radial (DR) e difusibilidade média (DM) dentro das regiões de interesse nos níveis C2 e C7 nas quatro colunas da medula espinhal. Resultados Em C2, o valor de FA foi reduzido em pacientes com EM. Além disso, o valor da DR se mostrou mais elevado na EM do que nos controles. Em C7, os valores de MD foram maiores na EM. Conclusão A MEAN na coluna direita da medula cervical mostrou valores alterados de FA, RD e MD, possivelmente relacionados à desmielinização, uma vez que a alteração de FA está relacionada à DR e não à DA. .
