Hernia diafragmática congénita de presentación tardía / Late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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[The relationship between headache and sleep disorders: findings from an epidemiological study in a population of Spanish school-age children]. / Relación entre cefalea y trastornos del sueño: resultados de un estudio epidemiológico en población escolar.

INTRODUCTION: Headache and sleep disorders have a high impact in children, both from the point of view of prevalence and from the perspective of the quality of life of the subjects who suffer their consequences. AIM. To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among the child population that suffers from headaches. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Spanish version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of the child and teenage population that attend the different schools in the town of Gandia. This questionnaire includes two questions about the existence of headache. RESULTS: In all, 887 subjects answered the survey (68% of respondents). The sleep disorders that are clearly associated with headache are: rhythmic movement disorders, sleep-talking, nightmares, waking up more than twice during the night, unwillingness to go to bed, early waking, delayed onset of sleep, insomnia, irregular hours of going to bed and getting up, excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring and positive screening for apnea-hypopnea syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: It is shown that the population with headaches has a greater number of sleep disorders, mainly insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness and parasomnias. It is important to gather information about sleep habits in any child who is attended because of headache.

Relación entre cefalea y trastornos del sueño: resultados de un estudio epidemiológico en población escolar / The relationship between headache and sleep disorders: findings from an epidemiological study in a population of school age children

Introducción. La cefalea y los trastornos del sueño tienen un alto impacto en la población infantil, tanto desde el punto de vista de la prevalencia como desde el punto de vista de la calidad de vida de los sujetos que los presentan. Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño entre la población infantil afectada de cefalea. Sujetos y métodos. Se utilizó la versión española del Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, que se distribuyó entre una muestra representativa de la población de niños y adolescentes que acuden a los diferentes centros escolares de la ciudad de Gandía. Dicho cuestionario incluye dos preguntas acerca de la existencia de cefalea. Resultados. Respondieron a la encuesta un total de 887 sujetos (el 68% de respondedores). Las alteraciones de sueño que se asocian de forma clara con la cefalea son: trastorno del movimiento rítmico, somniloquias, pesadillas, presentar más de dos despertares nocturnos, resistencia a acostarse, despertares tempranos, retraso en el inicio del sueño, insomnio, irregularidad en el horario de levantarse y acostarse, excesiva somnolencia diurna, ronquidos y un cribado positivo para síndrome de apnea-hipopnea. Conclusiones. Se demuestra que la población afectada de cefaleas tiene un mayor número de trastornos del sueño, fundamentalmente insomnio, excesiva somnolencia diurna y parasomnias. Es importante recabar información acerca del sueño en todo niño que sea atendido a causa de cefalea (AU)

Introduction. Headache and sleep disorders have a high impact in children, both from the point of view of prevalence and from the perspective of the quality of life of the subjects who suffer their consequences. Aim. To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among the child population that suffers from headaches. Subjects and methods. The Spanish version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of the child and teenage population that attend the different schools in the town of Gandia. This questionnaire includes two questions about the existence of headache. Results. In all, 887 subjects answered the survey (68% of respondents). The sleep disorders that are clearly associated with headache are: rhythmic movement disorders, sleep-talking, nightmares, waking up more than twice during the night, unwillingness to go to bed, early waking, delayed onset of sleep, insomnia, irregular hours of going to bed and getting up, excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring and positive screening for apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Conclusions. It is shown that the population with headaches has a greater number of sleep disorders, mainly insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness and parasomnias. It is important to gather information about sleep habits in any child who is attended because of headache (AU)

[Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep disturbances. Results of an epidemiological study in schoolchildren in Gandia, Spain]. / Relación entre el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y los trastornos del sueño. Resultados de un estudio epidemiológico en la población escolar de la ciudad de Gandía.

INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of comorbidity is an important factor in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep disturbances are one of the most common features of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: To find out the frequency of sleep disturbances among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the Spanish version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire, which was given out to a representative sample in Gandia (Spain). RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 887 (68 % of the sample). The sleep disturbances that showed a clear relationship with the three ADHD variables studied are: snoring, enuresis, rhythmic movement disturbances, night awakenings, and bedtime resistance. Sleep-disorder breathing, bruxism, somniloquy, day sleepiness, early awakenings and difficulty falling sleep are associated with only one of the three variables studied. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the population with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has more sleep disturbances. The association with the enuresis is of particular interest due to the possible clinical implications.

Relación entre el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y los trastornos del sueño. Resultados de un estudio epidemiológico en la población escolar de la ciudad de Gandía / Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep disturbances. Results of an epidemiological study in schoolchildren in Gandia, Spain

Introducción. Uno de los aspectos clave del tratamiento de los niños con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es la valoración de la comorbilidad que dicho trastorno presenta. Uno de los trastornos comórbidos que asocia son las alteraciones del sueño. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la frecuencia con la que se presentan los trastornos del sueño en la población afectada de TDAH. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la versión española del Paediatric Sleep Questionaire, que se distribuyó entre una muestra representativa de la población de estudiantes de la ciudad de Gandía. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Investigación del hospital. Resultados. Contestaron la encuesta un total de 887 sujetos (68 % de respondedores). Las alteraciones del sueño que se asocian de forma clara con las tres variables del TDAH estudiadas son: ronquido (roncar más de las mitad de la noche), enuresis, trastorno del movimiento rítmico, presentar más de dos despertares nocturnos y resistencia a acostarse. Se relacionan solamente con alguna de las tres variables estudiadas el trastorno respiratorio relacionado con el sueño, bruxismo, somniloquia, excesiva somnolencia diurna, despertares precoces y responder afirmativamente a la pregunta "¿Le cuesta dormirse por la noche?". Conclusiones. Nuestro trabajo demuestra que la población afectada de TDAH tiene un mayor número de trastornos del sueño. De particular interés pensamos que es la relación con la enuresis por las implicaciones clínicas que puede tener

Introduction. The evaluation of comorbidity is an important factor in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep disturbances are one of the most common features of this disorder. Objective. To find out the frequency of sleep disturbances among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Material and methods. We used the Spanish version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire, which was given out to a representative sample in Gandia (Spain). Results. The questionnaire was answered by 887 (68 % of the sample). The sleep disturbances that showed a clear relationship with the three ADHD variables studied are: snoring, enuresis, rhythmic movement disturbances, night awakenings, and bedtime resistance. Sleep-disorder breathing, bruxism, somniloquy, day sleepiness, early awakenings and difficulty falling sleep are associated with only one of the three variables studied. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that the population with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has more sleep disturbances. The association with the enuresis is of particular interest due to the possible clinical implications

Miopatía pseudohipertrófica como manifestación de un hipotiroidismo (síndrome de Kocher-Debré-Semelaigne) / Pseudohypertrophic myopathy as a manifestation of hypothyroidism (Kocher-Debré-Semelaigne syndrome)

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[Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances among schoolchildren in the town of Gandia]. / Patrones normales y trastornos del sueño entre la población escolar de la ciudad de Gandía.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of sleep patterns and sleep disturbances among healthy children is interesting, particularly, amongst other things, for carrying out comparative studies with children with certain diseases. The objective of the present study was to study sleep patterns and the prevalence of sleep disturbances among schoolchildren. METHODS: We used the Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, which was given out to a representative sample of Gandia Town. RESULTS: The prevalence of sleep disturbances were as follows: insomnia 10.5 %, daytime sleepiness 13 %, a positive score for sleep-disorder breathing 5.7 %, snoring 5.7 %, enuresis 5.3 %, sleepwalking 12.5 %, night terrors 18.4 %, nightmares 12.8 %. As regards sleep patterns, the average time for getting up was 7:45 am, the average time for going to bed was 22:13 pm, and the average sleep duration was 9 hours and 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison among different populations studies is difficult due to the use of different instruments to measure the same variables. Our results are similar to other studies, with the exception of sleep-disorder breathing and snoring, where the prevalences are lower in our study. The sleep patterns also did not show any differences between other published studies.

Patrones normales y trastornos del sueño entre la población escolar de la ciudad de Gandía / Sleep patterns ans sleep disturbances among schoolchildren in the town of Gandia

Introducción: El conocimiento de los patrones de sueño normales y las alteraciones de éste en una población infantil sana tiene interés, entre otras cosas, para poder realizar posteriores análisis comparativos con grupos afectados de determinadas patologías. El objetivo del presente trabajo es, por tanto, conocer los patrones normales de sueño y la prevalencia de los diferentes trastornos de éste en una población escolar. Material y métodos: Se utilizó la versión española del Pediatric Sleep Questionaire, que se distribuyó entre una muestra representativa de la población de estudiantes de la ciudad de Gandía. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de insomnio del 10,5 %, somnolencia diurna del 13,9 %, un cribado positivo para el trastorno respiratorio relacionado con el sueño en el 5,7 %, ronquido en el 4,3 %, enuresis en el 5,3 %, sonambulismo en el 12,5 %, terrores nocturnos en el 18,4 % y pesadillas en el 12,8 %. Respecto a los patrones de sueño, la hora media de levantarse fue las 7:45 h; la de acostarse, las 22:13 h, y la duración media de sueño nocturno de 9 h y 30 min. Conclusiones: La comparación entre estudios poblacionales diferentes es difícil, debido a la utilización de diferentes instrumentos para medir el mismo fenómeno. Nuestros resultados son similares a los de otras series a excepción del trastorno respiratorio relacionado con el sueño y el ronquido, en el que hemos detectado una menor prevalencia de la encontrada en otras series. Los hábitos de sueño tampoco difieren mucho de otras series publicadas (AU)

Introduction: Knowledge of sleep patterns and sleep disturbances among healthy children is interesting, particularly, amongst other things, for carrying out comparatives studies with children with certain diseases. The objective of the present study was to study sleep patterns and the prevalence of sleep disturbances among schoolchildren. Methods: We used the Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, which was given out to a representative sample of Gandia Town. Results: The prevalence of sleep disturbances were as follows: insomnia 10.5 %, daytime sleepiness 13 %, a positive score for sleep-disorder breathing 5.7 %, snoring 5.7 %, enuresis 5.3 %, sleepwalking 12.5 %, night terrors 18.4 %, nightmares 12.8 %. As regards sleep patterns, the average time for getting up was 7:45 am, the average time for going to bed was 22:13 pm, and the average sleep duration was 9 hours and 30 minutes. Conclusions: Comparison among different populations studies is difficult due to the use of different instruments to measure the same variables. Our results are similar to other studies, with the exception of sleep-disorder breathing and snoring, where the prevalences are lower in our study. The sleep patterns also did not show any differences between other published studies (AU)

[Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). A useful instrument in investigation of sleep disturbances in childhood. Reliability analysis]. / Versión española del Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Un instrumento útil en la investigación de los trastornos del sueño en la infancia. Análisis de su fiabilidad.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep questionnaires are useful tools both for screening patients who require medical tests and for epidemiologic research. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) has two versions: a shorter one, which has been validated for sleep-related breathing disorders, and an extended version, which deals with a wider range of sleep disturbances. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PSQ was translated into Spanish and its reliability was determined by means of test-retest and internal consistency methods among a random sample of 99 patients. RESULTS: Ninety-one percent of the questions showed good concordance, following the criteria established in the test- retest method. Internal consistency was good in parts A (nighttime and sleep behavior) and C (items for inattention and hyperactivity) of the questionnaire but was weak in part B (daytime behavior and other possible problems). Therefore, the reliability of the questionnaire can be considered to be adequate except for the internal consistency of part B. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the PSQ is a suitable tool both for screening patients who require medical tests and for epidemiological research.

Versión española del Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Un instrumento útil en la investigación de los trastornos del sueño en la infancia. Análisis de su fiabilidad / Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). A useful instrument in investigation of sleep disturbances in childhood. Reliability analysis

Introducción Los cuestionarios de sueño son instrumentos útiles, tanto para el cribado de pacientes a los que hay que realizar pruebas complementarias, como para la investigación epidemiológica. El Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) tiene dos versiones, una reducida, que ha sido validada para la detección de los trastornos respiratorios relacionados con el sueño (TRS) y una completa que contempla una gama más amplia de trastornos del sueño. Material y métodos Tras realizar la traducción del PSQ, se llevó a cabo un estudio de fiabilidad mediante los métodos de consistencia interna y el test-retest entre 99 pacientes escogidos al azar. Resultados El 91 % de las preguntas presentaron una buena concordancia siguiendo los criterios previamente establecidos en el método test-retest. Respecto a la consistencia interna fue buena en los apartados A (conducta durante la noche y mientras duerme) y C (preguntas dirigidas a identificar el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) de la encuesta y débil en el apartado B (conducta durante el día y otros problemas), por lo cual pensamos que la fiabilidad del cuestionario se puede considerar adecuada a excepción de la consistencia interna del apartado B. Conclusiones La versión española del PSQ es un instrumento adecuado, tanto para el cribado de pacientes a los que haya que realizar pruebas complementarias, como para la investigación epidemiológica

Sleep questionnaires are useful tools both for screening patients who require medical tests and for epidemiologic research. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) has two versions: a shorter one, which has been validated for sleep-related breathing disorders, and an extended version, which deals with a wider range of sleep disturbances. Material and methods The PSQ was translated into Spanish and its reliability was determined by means of test-retest and internal consistency methods among a random sample of 99 patients. Results Ninety-one percent of the questions showed good concordance, following the criteria established in the test- retest method. Internal consistency was good in parts A (nighttime and sleep behavior) and C (items for inattention and hyperactivity) of the questionnaire but was weak in part B (daytime behavior and other possible problems). Therefore, the reliability of the questionnaire can be considered to be adequate except for the internal consistency of part B. Conclusions The Spanish version of the PSQ is a suitable tool both for screening patients who require medical tests and for epidemiological research