Efecto de semaglutida sobre los biomarcadores de la enfermedad del hígado graso en pacientes con diabetes y obesidad / Effect of semaglutide on fatty liver disease biomarkers in patients with diabetes and obesity

Objetivo El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto de la semaglutida subcutánea sobre los biomarcadores de la enfermedad metabólica hepática (MAFLD), a saber, el índice de esteatosis hepática (HSI) y el índice de fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), a las 24semanas en pacientes ambulatorios atendidos en los servicios de Medicina Interna. Métodos En este estudio se analizaron pacientes de un registro de cohortes en curso, multicéntrico, prospectivo, pre-post y no controlado que inscribe a pacientes únicos y consecutivos con diabetes tipo2 tratados con semaglutida subcutánea. La esteatosis/fibrosis se determinó mediante HSI (<30 descartada, >36 esteatosis) y FIB-4 (<1,3 descartada, >2,67 fibrosis), respectivamente. Resultados La muestra incluyó 213 pacientes (46,9% mujeres) con una mediana de edad de 64 (±19) años. El índice de masa corporal y el peso basales medios fueron de 36,1 (±8,4) kg/m2 y 98 (±26,9) kg, respectivamente. El 99,9% presentaba valores de HSI indicativos de esteatosis, con un HSI medio de 47,9 (±8,2). Además, el 10,8% presentaba fibrosis (FIB-4 >2,67) y el 42,72% tenía valores en rangos intermedios (FIB-4 1,3-2,67). A las 24 semanas se produjo una reducción significativa del HSI (−2,36 [IC95%: 1,83-2,9], p<0,00001) y del FIB-4 (−0,075 [IC95%: 0,015-0,14], p<0,016), relacionada principalmente con descensos del peso corporal, de los niveles de triglicéridos, de la resistencia a la insulina (estimada mediante el índice triglicéridos-glucosa) y de las enzimas hepáticas. Conclusiones Estos resultados muestran que la semaglutida subcutánea tuvo un efecto beneficioso sobre la esteatosis hepática que fue más allá del control de la glucosa. Sus efectos estaban relacionados principalmente con la pérdida de peso, la disminución de los biomarcadores y la mejora de la sensibilidad a la insulina. Para muchos pacientes, la detección precoz es esencial para mejorar los resultados de la MAFLD y puede permitir seleccionar las opciones terapéuticas más eficaces (AU)

Aim This work aims to assess the effect of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on biomarkers of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), namely the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, at 24weeks in outpatients attended to in internal medicine departments. Methods This study analyzed patients in an ongoing, multicenter, prospective, pre-post, uncontrolled cohort registry that enrolls unique, consecutive patients with type2 diabetes treated with weekly subcutaneous semaglutide. Steatosis/fibrosis were determined by HSI (<30 ruled out, >36 steatosis) and FIB-4 (<1.3 ruled out, >2.67 fibrosis), respectively. Results The sample included 213 patients (46.9% women) with a median age of 64 (±19) years. The median baseline body mass index and weight were 36.1 (±8.4) kg/m2 and 98 (±26.9) kg, respectively. A total of 99.9% had HSI values indicating steatosis, with a mean HSI of 47.9 (±8.2). Additionally, 10.8% had fibrosis (FIB-4 >2.67) and 42.72% had values in intermediate ranges (FIB-4 1.3-2.67). At 24weeks, there was a significant reduction in HSI (−2.36 (95%CI: 1.83-2.9), p<0.00001) and FIB-4 (−0.075 (95%CI: 0.015-0.14), p<0.016), mainly related to declines in body weight, triglyceride levels, insulin resistance (estimated by the triglyceride-glucose index), and liver enzymes. Conclusion These results show that weekly subcutaneous semaglutide had a beneficial effect on liver steatosis that went beyond glucose control. Its effects were mainly related to weight loss, a decline in biomarkers, and improvements in insulin sensitivity. For many patients, early detection is essential for improving MAFLD outcomes and may allow for selecting the most efficient treatment options (AU)

[Inflammation, malnutrition, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a disastrous combination]. / La inflamación, la desnutrición y la infección por SARS-CoV-2: una combinación nefasta.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high risk of malnutrition, mainly due to increased nutritional requirements and the presence of a severe and universal inflammatory state. Associated symptoms contribute to hyporexia, which perpetuates the negative nutritional balance. Furthermore, dysphagia, especially post-intubation, worsens and makes intake unsafe. This risk is greater in elderly and multimorbid patients. Inflammation to varying degrees is the common link between COVID-19 and the onset of malnutrition, and it is more correct to refer to disease-related malnutrition (DRM). DRM worsens the poor prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and treat people at risk early, avoiding overexposure and direct contact with the patient. We cannot forget the role that a healthy diet plays in both prevention and recovery after discharge.

[Inflammation, malnutrition, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a disastrous combination]. / La inflamación, la desnutrición y la infección por SARS-CoV-2: una combinación nefasta.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high risk of malnutrition, mainly due to increased nutritional requirements and the presence of a severe and universal inflammatory state. Associated symptoms contribute to hyporexia, which perpetuates the negative nutritional balance. Furthermore, dysphagia, especially post-intubation, worsens and makes intake unsafe. This risk is greater in elderly and multimorbid patients. Inflammation to varying degrees is the common link between COVID-19 and the onset of malnutrition, and it is more correct to refer to disease-related malnutrition (DRM). DRM worsens the poor prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and treat people at risk early, avoiding overexposure and direct contact with the patient. We cannot forget the role that a healthy diet plays in both prevention and recovery after discharge.

Diuretic treatment of the patient with diabetes and heart failure. Role of SGLT2 inhibitors and similarities with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. / Tratamiento diurético del paciente con diabetes e insuficiencia cardiaca. El papel de los inhibidores de la SGLT2 y semejanzas con los inhibidores de la anhidrasa carbónica.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have changed the concept of the effects that hypoglycemic drugs have on hearth failure (HF). For the first time, a therapeutic group has modified the evolution of HF. Its effect goes beyond glycemic control, and different theories have been postulated to justify this benefit. In the article we sent, we analyze the influence of the different pharmacological groups used in type 2 diabetes mellitus on HF, and we present the theory of the mechanism of action associated with the benefit of these drugs. In our opinion, this benefit in HF is secondary to its diuretic effect, specifically an effect very similar to carbon dioxide inhibitors. We think that our theory is novel, explains the mechanism of action and we have not found in the literature any article that explains the mechanism of action in such a precise way.

Síndrome de Wallemberg en paciente joven sin factores de riesgo vascular / No disponible

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