Mapping intervention practices in social occupational therapy in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Social occupational therapy developed in Brazil in the late 1970s and early 1980s as a practice approach to the social issues experienced by vulnerable populations. AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the theoretical-methodological framework which has supported social occupational therapy practices and interventions in Brazil. METHOD: In a scoping review following PRISMA- ScR, the following databases were searched for publications reporting the practices and interventions of social occupational therapy: Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and The Cochrane Library. RESULTS: Twenty-six publications met the inclusion criteria. The interventions were aimed at socially vulnerable children and young people at risk of violations of their rights. The studies employed active/participatory pedagogical methodologies which make the participant groups' protagonism central to their learning and intervention process. These approaches are supported by social and human science epistemologies. CONCLUSIONS: Social occupational therapy has inaugurated a paradigm shift by prioritising working with populations in situations of vulnerability arising from socioeconomic, cultural, political and identity issues. This perspective is anchored in theoretical approaches which are strongly linked to collective social actions which arose from the conditions of Brazil's period of military dictatorship. SIGNIFICANCE: At a time when there has been increasing emphasis on addressing marginal groups and widening health inequalities social occupational therapy practice in community development contexts around a focus on vulnerability has been of increasing interest in the wider knowledge sphere of the profession. This article presents a scoping review for anglophone readers.

Percepção de gestores acerca da atuação e inserção de terapeutas ocupacionais na atenção básica à saúde / Perception of managers about the practice and insertion of occupational therapists in basic health care

Resumo Introdução A terapia ocupacional é uma profissão da área de saúde que tem interfaces na educação e no campo social, cujas ações objetivam a participação dos indivíduos em ocupações cotidianas que promovem a construção de sua identidade, saúde e bem-estar. Sendo assim, o terapeuta ocupacional está apto para atuar em diversos pontos de atenção à saúde, dentre eles a Atenção Básica à Saúde. Nesse sentido, é importante que os gestores conheçam os profissionais, suas particularidades e a função que desempenham em cada equipe e serviço de saúde. O reconhecimento e valorização dos papéis desenvolvidos no âmbito da Atenção Básica por esses atores facilita o desenvolvimento de ações adequadas para cada coletivo em suas especificidades culturais. Objetivo Descrever a percepção dos gestores de saúde da Atenção Básica à Saúde acerca da atuação e inserção da terapia ocupacional. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, que foi realizada na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e nos cinco Distritos Sanitários distribuídos no território de João Pessoa-PB, com gestores ligados à Atenção Básica no período de junho a agosto de 2018. Foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada pelos pesquisadores e os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de Análise do Conteúdo. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 18 gestores, de ambos os sexos. Percebe-se que os gestores compreendem que a terapia ocupacional está voltada para as atividades cotidianas dos sujeitos, para a adaptação de utensílios, mas a confundem com a fisioterapia. Quanto à contratação, referem que a mesma se dá por meio de seleção de currículo e entrevista, havendo influência de indicações políticas. Conclusão Assim, devem ser ampliadas as discussões sobre a terapia ocupacional chegando até os espaços de gestão, no sentido de ampliar o reconhecimento e a inserção da profissão na Atenção Básica à saúde, visando um atendimento mais universal, equânime e integral que responda às necessidades dos usuários.

Abstract Introduction Occupational therapy is a health profession that has interfaces in education and in the social field, whose actions aim at the participation of individuals in everyday occupations that promote the construction of their identity, health and well-being. Accordingly, the occupational therapist is able to act in several health care spots, among them the Primary Health Care. In this sense, it is important that managers know the professionals, their particularities and the role they play in each health staff and facility. The recognition and appreciation of the roles developed in the scope of Primary Health Care by these actors facilitates the development of appropriate actions for each collective in its cultural specificities. Objective To describe the perception of the health managers of the Primary Health Care about the practice and insertion of the occupational therapy. Method This is a qualitative exploratory descriptive research that was carried out in the Municipal Health Department and in the five Health Districts distributed in the territory of João Pessoa-PB, with managers linked to Primary Health Care from June to August 2018. A semistructured interview was used by the researchers and the data were analyzed using the Content Analysis technique. Results 18 managers, of both sexes, participated in the study. It is noticed that the managers understand that the occupational therapy is directed to the daily activities of the subjects, for the adaptation of utensils, but they confuse it with physiotherapy. Regarding hiring, they mention that it is done through selection of curriculum and interview, there being influence of political indications. Conclusion Thus, discussions on occupational therapy should be broadened to reach management spaces in order to broaden the recognition and insertion of the profession in Primary Health Care level, aiming at a more universal, equitable and integral service that responds to the users' needs.