First Study of Pharingomyia picta and Cephanemyia auribarbis in Wild Populations of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Portugal.

Nasopharyngeal myiasis in red deer has never been studied in Portugal. For this reason, from December 2015 to February 2016 a study was derived on hunted red deer in Idanha-a-Nova county to evaluate the Diptera larvae presence. During the initial examination on the spot, the larvae was analysed at the nasopharynx. When present, larvae were collected for further species identification. The infestation prevalence was 50.6 ± 7.61% (CI 95%), and the mean parasitism intensity was 11.38 larvae per affected host. Two larvae species were found, Pharyngomyia picta and Cephenemyia auribarbis, both on single or concomitant infection, with the first species having a higher prevalence and mean infestation intensity than the second. The larvae's prevalence was significantly higher (X2 = 4.35; p = 0.0370) in males (62.16 ± 11.05%) than in females (41.30 ± 10.06%). Within age groups, younger animals showed a higher prevalence. This study shows the presence of P. picta and C. auribarbis larvae in the wild red deer population in Portugal for the first time. The high parasitic prevalence and mean intensity highlight the importance of this parasitosis in this wild species. For this reason, more scientific research is required to accurately assess its prevalence in other geographic areas, and evaluate the risk factors as well effects of this parasitosis on the deer population.

GIS as an Epidemiological Tool to Monitor the Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Tuberculosis in Large Game in a High-Risk Area in Portugal.

Since April 2011, Portugal has implemented specific national legislation (Notice No. 1/2011), defining "Epidemiologic Risk Areas for Bovine Tuberculosis in Large Game" and mitigation measures in these areas, including Idanha-a-Nova county. A GIS project was created to record information that would allow us to analyse the spatial-temporal distribution, both for hunting bags and tuberculosis occurrence, in hunted wild boar and red deer in Idanha-a-Nova. Hunting bag and tuberculosis-like lesion data were recorded during post-mortem inspection across 11 hunting seasons, totalling 9844 animals. The difference in tuberculosis occurrence for these species was statistically significant in nearly all 11 seasons, with wild boars presenting approximately twice the occurrence of red deer. No significant difference was noted before and after the Notice No. 1/2011 implementation. These results, following GIS-based spatial analysis, enable us to state that both large game species displayed an irregular tuberculosis pattern for the 2006-2016 period, and we identified some specific areas of high risk for both species. Southern areas of the county may be considered the priority for intervention. This research demonstrates the potential of GIS tools to evaluate, in the field, the results and efficacy of legislation such as Notice No. 1/2011, and to ensure the correct implementation of cost-effective mitigation strategies for tuberculosis in large game species.

Health Professional's Decision-Making Based on Multichannel Interaction Services.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the importance and impact of telemedicine and multichannel interactions in healthcare services provided to patients. Health professionals are in turn increasingly dependent on patient data collected through multichannel interactions to make their clinical decisions. This article intends to present a brief analysis from the viewpoint of health professionals regarding the use of technologies in telemedicine and multichannel interactions to support decision making, basing on the analysis of clinical data of patients collected in a telemedicine environment. These technologies have numerous advantages for healthcare professionals and patients, but there are also some obstacles and gaps inherent that need to be overcome. Furthermore, health professionals can perform a more detailed analysis of patient data before taking any decision, as this practice promotes data collection to facilitate the decision-making process of health professionals.

OpenEHR modeling: improving clinical records during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic had put pressure on various national healthcare systems, due to the lack of health professionals and exhaustion of those avaliable, as well as lack of interoperability and inability to restructure their IT systems. Therefore, the restructuring of institutions at all levels is essential, especially at the level of their information systems. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic had arrived in Portugal at March 2020, with a breakout on the northern region. In order to quickly respond to the pandemic, the CHUP healthcare institution, known as a research center, has embraced the challenge of developing and integrating a new approach based on the openEHR standard to interoperate with the institution's existing information and its systems. An openEHR clinical modelling methodology was outlined and adopted, followed by a survey of daily clinical and technical requirements. With the arrival of the virus in Portugal, the CHUP institution has undergone through constant changes in their working methodologies as well as their openEHR modelling. As a result, an openEHR patient care workflow for COVID-19 was developed.

Management of a Pandemic Based on an openEHR approach.

The COVID-19 pandemic has collapsed several national health systems, due to the lack of healthcare professionals and exhaustion of those employed, as well as the lack of interoperability and capacity to restructure their informatic systems. Therefore, the restructuring of institutions at all levels is essential, mainly at the level of their Information Systems. When the COVID-19 pandemic had spread to Portugal in March 2020, with a breakout on the northern region, the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP) healthcare institution had felt the need to develop and integrate a new approach based on the openEHR standard to interoperate with the institution's existing information systems, with the aim of responding quickly to the pandemic's evolution.

Cultivo de micobactérias em plasma humano / Culture of mycobacteria in human plasma

Partindo do conceito de que Mycobacterium leprae é tido como incultivável em meios artificiais e tem afinidades com o organismo humano, um de nós (R.N.M) teve a idéia de utilizar, como meio de cultura para o mesmo"in vitro", uma substância do próprio corpo humano. Foi escolhido o plasma de pessoa sadia, lepromino-negativa. Colhendo-se o sangue e separando-se o plasma, os germes obtidos de doente virchowiano virgem de tratamento säo nele inoculados, colocando-se o inóculo em estufa a 3-C e realizando-se exames bacterioscópicos cada 15 dias. Após 60 experiências obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados: 1. multiplicaçäo de bacilos após 45 dias de incubaçäo, em mais de 50% das experiências 2. os basilos apresentaram-se em bastonetes, globias e coraram-se positivamente pelos métodos de Ziehl e Gram. 3. para verificar se seriam eles o Mycobacterium leprae, procederam-se as provas de pridina e da DOPA, que foram confirmativas. 4. Trêss leprominas bacilares preparadas com culturas bem características, inoculadas intradermicamente em hansenianos, comportaram-se como a lepromina clássica; 5. Näo houve crescimento idêntico do inóculo em outros meios de cultura; 6. foi constatado o crescimento, no plasma assim obtido, de M. tuberculosis e micobactérias atípicas; 7. considera-se o plasma humano um meio favorável para o cultivo de micobactérias, no qual houve evidências da reproduçäo de Mycobacterium leprae; 8. Solicita-se a confirmaçäo destes resultados em outros centros de pesquisa