Congenital knee dislocation. Therapeutic protocol and long-term functional results. / Luxación congénita de rodilla. Protocolo terapéutico y resultados funcionales a largo plazo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Congenital knee dislocation is a very rare entity, characterised by deformity in knee recurvatum present at birth, and there is currently no consensus on the optimal treatment. The aim of the present study is to analyse the functional results and long-term complications after the application of a protocol of therapeutic action for the management of congenital knee dislocation (CKD) created in a reference centre for child orthopaedics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of patients with congenital dislocation of the knee who followed CRPL between January 1997 and December 2010. Demographic variables, type of treatment, functional outcomes at the end of the follow-up, complications and relapses were studied. The conservative treatment consisted of serial casts, leaving the surgical treatment for cases in which passive flexion was not achieved above 30° or the conservative treatment failed. RESULTS: 9 patients (11 knees) met the inclusion criteria. The 66.7% were girls and the average follow-up was 15 years (9-22). In all cases, conservative treatment was initiated. Of the 11 knees treated, less than half (36%) required surgery. The average Lysholm questionnaire was 90.3 points, the WOMAC pain 0.4 (0-1), WOMAC stiffness 1.8 (0-6) and WOMAC function 3.8 (1-12). CONCLUSIONS: The existence and application of the PLCR protocol in a pathology as rare as congenital knee dislocation suggests good long-term functional results with few complications and no recurrences.

Ossifying myositis in the infant. About a case. / Miositis osificante en el lactante. A propósito de un caso.

Myositis ossificans is a benign disorder characterized by the formation of heterotopic bone in skeletal muscle or soft tissues. It is extremely rare in children, <1% of cases occur in children under 10 years. We present a 17-day-old boy that, after 10 days of Intermediate Care Unit stay, was referred to our hospital for a developmental dysplasia of the hip. On clinical examination, he had swelling on the left thigh and increase in size compared to the contralateral one, therefore was admitted for studying. Imaging findings including plain radiographs, CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy, as well as treatment performed, are described. To the best of our knowledge, is the youngest case reported in the literature.

Resección de radios de la mano en pacientes pediátricos / Ray resection in paediatric population

Objetivo. Valoración de los resultados clínicos y funcionales de la resección completa de los radios de la mano en población pediátrica y descripción de los aspectos técnicos más relevantes de la cirugía. Material y método. Estudio retrospectivo observacional de pacientes intervenidos en el periodo comprendido entre 2010-2015. Criterios de inclusión: resección de uno o más radios de la mano y seguimiento mínimo de un año. Evaluación de las características clínicas, resultados funcionales y estéticos, complicaciones, necesidad de apoyo psicológico y grado de satisfacción. Resultados. Cuatro pacientes cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La edad media fue de 5 años (rango 1-14 años). Las causas fueron: hamartoma lipofibromatoso, amputación traumática, deficiencia radial y sindactilia compleja. El segundo radio fue resecado en tres pacientes y el tercer y cuarto radio en un paciente. No se realizó transferencia de radios adyacentes. No existieron complicaciones postoperatorias ni durante el seguimiento. Ningún paciente precisó ayuda psicológica. Todos presentaron excelentes resultados estéticos, funcionales y con un alto grado de satisfacción. Discusión. La resección completa de uno o más radios de la mano se utiliza como técnica de rescate en pacientes con lesiones vasculares, tumores, traumatismos, infecciones o malformaciones congénitas. Las publicaciones existentes son pequeñas series en pacientes adultos o casos clínicos aislados, no existiendo apenas referencias en población pediátrica. Conclusión. La resección de radios de la mano es una técnica útil y segura en la población pediátrica que proporciona excelentes resultados estéticos y funcionales en aquellos casos en los que es imposible la preservación de uno o varios dedos (AU)

Aim. Evaluation of clinical and functional outcome of ray resection in paediatric population and description of key aspects of surgical technique. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing surgery between 2010-2015. Inclusion criteria: one or more ray resections of the hand and a minimum of one year follow-up. Evaluation of clinical characteristics, functional and cosmetic results, complications, need for psychological support and patient or family satisfaction. Results. Four patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at surgery was 5 years (range, 1-14 years). Aetiology was: fibrolipomatous hamartoma, traumatic amputation, radial deficiency and complex syndactyly. Second ray was resected in three patients and third and fourth ray in one. No finger transfer was performed. No immediate post-operative complications were found at the final evaluation. None of them needed psychological support. All the patients showed excellent clinical and functional results with a high grade of satisfaction. Discussion. Ray resection of the hand has been used as salvage procedure in patients with vascular lesions, tumours, trauma, infections or congenital malformations. There are only a few published studies including small samples in adults or case reports, with no references in the paediatric population. Conclusion. Ray resection of the hand is a useful and safe technique in paediatric population, obtaining excellent cosmetic and functional results in those cases in which it is impossible to preserve one or more fingers (AU)

Ray resection in paediatric population. / Resección de radios de la mano en pacientes pediátricos.

AIM: Evaluation of clinical and functional outcome of ray resection in paediatric population and description of key aspects of surgical technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing surgery between 2010-2015. INCLUSION CRITERIA: one or more ray resections of the hand and a minimum of one year follow-up. Evaluation of clinical characteristics, functional and cosmetic results, complications, need for psychological support and patient or family satisfaction. RESULTS: Four patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at surgery was 5 years (range, 1-14 years). Aetiology was: fibrolipomatous hamartoma, traumatic amputation, radial deficiency and complex syndactyly. Second ray was resected in three patients and third and fourth ray in one. No finger transfer was performed. No immediate post-operative complications were found at the final evaluation. None of them needed psychological support. All the patients showed excellent clinical and functional results with a high grade of satisfaction. DISCUSSION: Ray resection of the hand has been used as salvage procedure in patients with vascular lesions, tumours, trauma, infections or congenital malformations. There are only a few published studies including small samples in adults or case reports, with no references in the paediatric population. CONCLUSION: Ray resection of the hand is a useful and safe technique in paediatric population, obtaining excellent cosmetic and functional results in those cases in which it is impossible to preserve one or more fingers.

Epifisiolisis de la cabeza femoral / Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

La epifisiolisis de la cabeza femoral (ECF) se describe como el desplazamiento de la epífisis (cabeza femoral) respecto a la metáfisis (cuello) a través de la fisis. El término es confuso ya que es la metáfisis la que se desplaza en dirección anterosuperior mientras que la epífisis no se mueve y mantiene su posición respecto al acetábulo. La ECF se considera estable cuando el paciente es capaz de caminar e inestable cuando no puede hacerlo ni siquiera con ayuda de bastones. Los pacientes con ECF son adolescentes que presentan dolor en la región inguinal y/o en la rodilla asociado a cojera. El tratamiento de elección en las estables es la fijación in situ con un tornillo (AU)

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is characterized by displacement of the capital femoral epiphysis from the metaphysis through the physis. The term is confusing, because the metaphysis moves upward and outward while the epiphysis remains in the acetabulum. The SCFE is considered stable when the child is able to walk with or without crutches, and it is considered unstable when the child cannot walk with or without crutches. Patients with SCFE present with pain in the groin, knee and limp. The current treatment of stable SCFE is in situ stabilization with a single screw (AU)

[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]. / Epifisiolisis de la cabeza femoral.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is characterized by displacement of the capital femoral epiphysis from the metaphysis through the physis. The term is confusing, because the metaphysis moves upward and outward while the epiphysis remains in the acetabulum. The SCFE is considered stable when the child is able to walk with or without crutches, and it is considered unstable when the child cannot walk with or without crutches. Patients with SCFE present with pain in the groin, knee and limp. The current treatment of stable SCFE is in situ stabilization with a single screw.