Drug-induced accelerated nodulosis: review of the literature.

Accelerated nodulosis, the rapid progression/extension of preexisting nodules, is a recognized complication of immunomodulatory therapy, occurring mostly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. As of today, its physiopathology remains incompletely understood, and there are no standardized guidelines regarding its management. Here, we conduct a literature review of the reported cases of drug-induced accelerated nodulosis and add our case of a 79-year-old female with an atypical clinical presentation.

Familial Cases of PENS: A Review of the Literature.

Papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer (PENS) is a keratinocytic nevus that can occur sporadically or has a familial transmission. There are 5 families reported with PENS, in which there are 2 family members affected with each case. We present the sixth familial case, with the peculiarity of being the first time in which there are 3 family members with PENS, while reviewing the other cases described until now. In addition, we present a new histopathological finding, an inflammatory lichenoid infiltrate on the upper dermis in PENS lesions. This finding could be the result of trauma to the biopsied lesion, or it may represent a new inflammatory histological variant.

Pediatric Kaposi's sarcoma associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) represents paradoxical immune-mediated inflammation in response to an infecting pathogen, occurring after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), concomitantly with immune system recovery. It has also been described in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We report a case of a 9-year-old Guinean girl, who developed Kaposi's sarcoma, following introduction of ART. KS associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is rare, especially in children, but with the increased use of ART is becoming more prevalent.