RESUMO
One-lung ventilation is used during a variety of cardiac, thoracic, and major vascular procedures. Endobronchial tubes, bronchial blockers, and occasionally, single-lumen tubes are used to isolate the lungs. Patients with difficult airways and pediatric patients provide special challenges for lung isolation. Finally, intraoperative hypoxia and hypercarbia in patients with intrinsic lung disease frequently complicate one-lung anesthesia. The concepts and controversies in lung isolation techniques are discussed.
Assuntos
Anestesia por Inalação/tendências , Anestesia por Inalação/efeitos adversos , Anestesia por Inalação/instrumentação , Anestesia por Inalação/métodos , Arritmias Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Patients with a fracture of the proximal femur are at high risk for thromboembolic complications necessitating some form of preoperative and postoperative thromboembolic prophylaxis. Despite the knowledge that patients with a proximal femur fracture are at particularly high risk for both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, there is no consensus on which strategy is most effective at preventing thromboembolic events in this patient population. The pathophysiology and associated risk factors for thromboembolic complications in this patient population are discussed. We present a review of studies that address the efficacy and safety of both mechanical and pharmacological methods of thromboembolic prophylaxis to assist the orthopedic surgeon in selecting among the different modalities available for thromboembolic prophylaxis.
