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Background: Polylactic-co-glycolic acid and zinc oxide (PLGA-ZnO) nanocomposite has been investigated for its antibacterial properties, which could be beneficial for adding to wound dressings after periodontal surgery. However, its cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remains unclear and should be evaluated. Methods: ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These metallic nanoparticles were incorporated into the PLGA matrix by the solvent/non-solvent process. The nanomaterial was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. HGF cells were acquired from the National Cell Bank and categorized into four groups: ZnO, PLGA, ZnO-PLGA, and control. The cells were exposed to different ZnO (1, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL) and PLGA (0.2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 µg/mL) concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity was tested using the MTT assay. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant toxicity at≥40 µg/mL concentrations after 24 hours. Cell viability decreased significantly at all the tested concentrations after 48 hours of exposure. PLGA-ZnO cell viability in 24 hours was similar to the control group for all the concentrations up to 80 µg/mL. Conclusion: ZnO nanoparticles could be toxic against HGF in high concentrations and with prolonged exposure. Therefore, incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into a biocompatible polymer such as PLGA could be a beneficial strategy for reducing their toxicity.
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Statement of the Problem: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease caused by periopathogens and its severity is determined by the host immune response. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be used for non-invasive testing to assess the host response in periodontal treatment. Pentraxins are the classic mediators of inflammation and pentraxin-3 can be used as a marker to assess response to therapy, which was investigated in this study. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on GCF level of pentraxin-3 in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Method: 25 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 25 periodontally healthy controls were evaluated. Pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were measured in both groups. GCF samples were collected using paper strips to assess the level of pentraxin-3. In the CP group, GCF samples were collected from the highest clinical attachment loss, pocket probing depth, and bone loss at baseline and six weeks after non-surgical therapy. The level of pentraxin-3 in the GCF was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Pentraxin-3 in GCF of CP patients before treatment (6.72±4.63 ng/mL) was higher than the control group (4.43±2.85 ng/mL). Pentraxin-3 in patients after non-surgical therapy (3.2±2.66 ng/mL) decreased significantly compared to the baseline (p= 0.04) and its level after treatment was not significantly different from the control group (p= 0.14). Conclusion: Pentraxin-3 in GCF of CP patients was higher than healthy controls and decreased in response to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Thus, it can be used as an inflammatory marker for detection of patients at risk of CP. However, further studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups in different populations are required to confirm our findings.
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Generalized stage IV, grade C periodontitis results in rapid bone destruction in the periodontium and can lead to early tooth loss. Scaling and root planing (SRP) complemented by systemic antibiotics, access surgery, regenerative techniques and implant placement are among the treatments used for patients with this condition. The aim of this article is to report a comprehensive periodontal treatment in a 23-year-old male who was referred to the periodontology department due to complaints of tooth mobility and gum infections diagnosed with generalized stage IV, grade C periodontitis according to the clinical, systemic, and family history features observed. Thorough non-surgical periodontal treatment consisting of scaling and root planing was provided, followed by a series of regenerative periodontal surgeries including guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration(GBR) to manage advanced bone defects. Six months after periodontal therapy, all implants were inserted using a one-stage approach and Six months later, they were restored with porcelain fused to metal crowns. During the one and two-year follow-ups, the teeth and implants did not show any signs of instability, attachment loss or bone loss. This case report shows that within the limitations of this study a successful outcome can be achieved with an early diagnosis and treatment involving elimination of infectious microorganisms and meticulous long-term maintenance combined with regenerative techniques and implant placement to restore the masticatory function and improve the quality of life for the patient. However further investigation and clinical studies are required to confirm these results (AU)
A periodontite generalizada estágio IV, grau C resulta em rápida destruição óssea do periodonto, podendo levar à perda dentária precoce. Raspagem e aplainamento radicular (SRP) complementada com antibióticos sistêmicos, acessos cirúrgicos, técnicas regenerativas e colocação de implantes estão entre os tratamentos usados para essa condição. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o tratamento periodontal abrangente de um paciente de 23 anos, que foi encaminhado ao departamento de periodontia com queixas de mobilidade dentária e infecções gengivais, diagnosticado com periodontite generalizada estágio IV, grau C de acordo com as características clínicas, sistêmicas e de histórico familiar observadas. O tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico completo de raspagem e aplainamento radicular foi realizado, seguido por cirurgias periodontais regenerativas, incluindo regeneração tecidual guiada (GTR) e regeneração óssea guiada (GBR) para tratar defeitos ósseos avançados. Seis meses após a terapia periodontal, todos os implantes foram inseridos através de abordagem de estágio único e, seis meses depois, foram restaurados com porcelana fundida às coroas de metal. Durante os acompanhamentos de um e dois anos, os dentes e implantes não mostraram quaisquer sinais de instabilidade, perda de inserção ou perda óssea. Este relato mostra que, dentro das limitações deste estudo, um resultado bem-sucedido pode ser alcançado a partir de diagnóstico precoce e tratamento envolvendo a eliminação de microrganismos e manutenção meticulosa à longo prazo, combinada com técnicas regenerativas e colocação de implantes para restaurar a função mastigatória e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. No entanto, mais investigações e estudos clínicos são necessários para confirmar esses resultados (AU)
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Humanos , Adulto , Periodontite , Periodontite Agressiva , Regeneração Óssea , Implantes DentáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: During periapical surgery, using of bone products in large endodontic lesions, is a treatment option that could affect the properties of the retro-filling endodontic material. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of Osteon II bone powder on the surface microhardness of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Each material was mixed and carried into 40 sterile custom-made plastic cylinders. Half of the samples in each group were exposed to Osteon II. All cylinders were submerged in simulated tissue fluid and incubated at 37°C and 100% relative humidity for 7 days. Surface microhardness values of each study group was attained using Vickers microhardness test. The data were analyzed statistically using two-way ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The highest and lowest microhardness values were recorded in the MTA/without Osteon and MTA/with Osteon groups, respectively. Irrespective of the presence or absence of bone powder, the overall microhardness of CEM cement and MTA was not significantly different. In the MTA group, the presence of the powder resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) of the microhardness; however, its effect on CEM cement was not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Under the limitations of the present in vitro study, the presence of Osteon bone powder had no negative effect on the microhardness of CEM cement, contrary to its effect on MTA.
