[Effect of beditine on the cerebral circulation and various metabolic parameters]. / Vliianie beditina na mozgovoe krovoobrashchenie i nekotorye drugie metabolicheskie pokazateli.

Beditin, or 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-1,4-benzodioxane hydrochloride, is a new benzodioxane derivative possessing antihypoxant and alpha 2-adrenoreceptor blocker properties. In contrast to idazoxan, a well-known alpha 2-adrenoreceptor blocker, beditin (3 mg/kg) significantly increases the circulation rate and decreases the blood vessel resistance in various brain structures of rats and cats without considerably changing their systemic hemodynamic indices. Upon a one-side ligation of the common carotid artery in rats, beditin prevented a sharp increase in the lactate dehydrogenase activity and a growth in the content of free ammonia in the brain, which are characteristic of the ischemic states. The ammonia-eliminating effect of beditin is related to an increase in the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the reductive amination reaction.

[The suppression of the cerebrovascular constrictor effects of malondialdehyde by GABA-ergic substances]. / Podavlenie tserebrovaskuliarnykh konstriktornykh éffektov malonovogo dial'degida GAMKergicheskimi veshchestvami.

GABA and its cyclic derivatives, gamma-butyrolactone and pyrrolidone-2, have been ascertained to abolish and prevent the cerebral vasoconstrictor effects of malonic dialdehyde. In this respect, gamma-butyrolactone excels pyrrolidone-2 and GABA, the effects of GABA being most slight. It may be suggested that the neuroactive amino acids exhibit antioxidative effects.

[The central vascular and metabolic effects of pyroglutamic acid]. / Tsentral'nye sosudistye i metabolicheskie éffekty piroglutaminovoi kisloty.

The ability of pyroglutamic acid, a cyclic glutamic acid derivative, to increase cerebral blood flow, to decrease the resistance of brain vessels, and to relax the isolated grafts of cerebral arteries has been demonstrated. Pyroglutamic acid markedly stimulated brain metabolism: increased glucose uptake and utilization by cerebral tissues and decreased brain lactate dehydrogenase activity.

[The cerebral vasoconstrictor effects of malondialdehyde]. / Tserebral'nye vazokonstriktornye éffekty malonovogo dial'degida.

Malonic dialdehyde has a pronounced central vasoconstrictor effect, though when given in large doses, it causes a profound decrease in systemic blood pressure, however its vasoconstrictor effects are not directly related to fluctuations in systemic blood pressure. The universal antioxidant alpha-tocopherol acetate abolishes and prevents the central vasoconstrictor effects of malonic dialdehyde.

[The antihypoxic activity of endogenous cyclic derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid]. / Antigipoksicheskaia aktivnost' éndogennykh tsiklicheskikh proizvodnykh gamma-aminomaslianoi kisloty.

Pirrolidone-2, gamma-butyrolacton, succinic anhydride were found to possess pronounced antihypoxic activity that manifested itself in their ability to decrease the level of lactic acid accumulated during hypoxia. Pirrolidone-2 and succinic anhydride increase succinic dehydrogenase activity in vitro. At intraperitoneal administration the above mentioned compounds lead to lactate dehydrogenase activity inhibition under normal conditions while during circulatory hypoxia they stimulate lactate dehydrogenase reaction promoting the maintenance of energy balance of the cerebral tissue at the appropriate level.

[Rehabilitation of patients with chronic bronchitis who are engaged in agricultural work]. / O reabilitatsii bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom, zaniatykh sel'skokhoziaistvennym trudom.

The efficiency was studied of rehabilitation of 115 patients with chronic bronchitis engaged in agricultural work under the effect of a complex of traditional health-resort climatic factors as well as this complex supplemented by breathing exercises with additional dead space or intensified graded physical exercises (cycling, running). Only the therapeutic complex including physical exercises proved efficient.

[Effect of 2-pyrrolidone and gamma-butyrolactone on the rate of 14C-leucine incorporation into the proteins of different brain structures and of their arterial tissues]. / Vliianie pirrolidona-2 i gamma-butirolaktona na skorost' vkliucheniia 14C-leitsina v belki razlichnykh struktur golovnogo mozga i tkanei ego arterii.

The ability of cyclic GABA and GHBA derivatives--2-pyrrolidone and gamma-butyrolactone--to increase markedly the inclusion of 14C-leucine in the proteins of hypothalamus and cerebral arteries both normally and in condition of cerebral blood supply disturbances produced by unilateral 20 min ligation of a common carotid artery has been demonstrated.

[Effect of pyrrolidone-2 on the cerebral circulation]. / Vliianie pirrolidona-2 na mozgovoe krovoobrashchenie.

The ability of cyclic GABA derivative--pyrrolidone-2--to increase markedly cerebral blood flow both normally and in conditions of cerebral blood supply disturbances produced by unilateral 20-min ligation of a common carotid artery has been demonstrated. When pyrrolidone-2 administration accompanied bicuculline infusion (0.1 mg/kg) it did not provoke significant changes in the blood flow. Besides, bicuculline markedly weakened pyrrolidone-2 ability to relax the isolated grafts of cerebral arteries.

[Contractile capacity of isolated flaps from the aorta of rats with stable arterial hypertension caused by the prolonged administration of cerebrosides]. / Sokratitel'naia sposobnost' izolirovannykh loskutov iz aorty krys so stoikoi arterial'noi gipertenziei, vyzvannoi dlitel'nym vvedeniem tserebrozidov.

A study was made of the contractility of smooth muscle cells of abdominal aorta strips of noninbred white rats with stable arterial hypertension induced by protracted intraperitoneal injection of cerebrosides isolated from cattle brain. It was demonstrated that as compared with normotensive animals, smooth muscle cells of the animals' arteries are characterized by the increased influx of extracellular calcium via slow potential-dependent calcium channels and hypersensitivity to noradrenaline and serotonin.

[Analysis of the membrane effects of gangliosides]. / Analiz membrannykh éffektov gangliozidov.

Gangliosides interact with human serum albumin, inducing conformational changes in its globule. Gangliosides bring about an increase in the binding constant of the fluorescent probe 1-anilinonapthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) with model phospholipid membranes, a decrease in the rate of pyrene diffusion in liposomes. Gangliosides raise the fluorescence intensity of ANS bound with the erythrocytic membrane as the binding constant of the probe-membrane increases, the fluorescence of tryptophanils of membranous proteins gets intensified, the fluorescence maximum of ANS and tryptophan residues shifts to the short-wave area, and the accessibility of tryptophan residues for NO-3 decreases. At the same time there is a reduction in the efficacy of energy migration from tryptophan to ANS and NAD X H2. The data obtained attest to the capability of gangliosides of influencing the conformation of both the lipid and protein phases of biological membranes.

[Neurochemical control of cerebral blood circulation]. / Neirokhimicheskii kontrol' mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

A neurochemical approach to a study of the mechanisms by which cerebral circulation is controlled made it possible to discover the capability of GABA, GHBA, gamma-butyrolactone and pyrrolidone-2 to enhance cerebral circulation, to relax and enlarge an isolated flap of the cerebral arteries. GABA and specific GABA-receptors were found in the tissues of the walls of the cerebral arteries. Glutamate decarboxylase and GABA-transaminase were discovered in the cerebral vessels, with the endothelial and muscle layers of the arterial walls showing the highest GABA-transaminase activity. It is evident that as regards certain biochemical characteristics there is a definite similarity between GABA-ergic neurons and tissues of cerebral artery walls, which may ensure similar and undirectional neurochemical reactions in the brain and in the walls of its arteries. The latter circumstance is responsible for the mechanisms that control the functioning of the cerebral vessels.

[Biochemical bases of the anti-ulcer action of GABA and sodium oxybate]. / Biokhimicheskie osnovy protivoiazvennogo deistviia GAMK i natriia oksibutirata.

It was found that GABA and sodium hydroxybutyrate are capable to prevent gastric ulcers. While protecting the animals from experimental ulcers both the substances display an ability to increase the content of ATP in the gastric wall. ATP that prevents the occurrence of experimental gastric ulcers enhances 14-leucine incorporation into proteins of gastric tissues. It was demonstrated in experiments ulcer prevention that under the effect of 32P-ATP the content of phosphorylated proteins in gastric tissues rises more than 2-fold. This circumstances ensures the increased resistance of the gastric mucosa to the action of proteolytic enzymes. Enhancement of oxygen consumption by the tissues should be also regarded as one of the factors determining high resistance of the mucosa to proteolysis.