Blood Serum Amino Acid Pool of European Migratory Chiroptera Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 and Pipistrellus nathusii Keyserling et Blasius, 1839 of the Ural Fauna.

The pool of free amino acids (AAs) in the blood serum was studied in two European migratory bat species, Vespertilio murinus and Pipistrellus nathusii, of the Urals. Bats from this year's bloods were examined, and significant differences were observed in main metabolic groups of free AAs, including glycogenic (GGAAs), nonessential (NEAAs), essential (EAAs), and sulfur-containing (SCAAs) AAs (p < 0.05). Based on the percent content of the metabolic groups in the total AA pool, GGAAs (79.7%) and EAAs (49.4%) were found to predominate in P. nathusii, and GGAAs (74.9%) and NEAAs (58.4%), in V. murinus. No difference in AAA and BCAA contents was observed between V. murinus and P. nathusii (p > 0.05). The migratory species were shown to significantly differ in the metabolic groups of serum AAs from the resident species Myotis dasycneme (p < 0.05).

[Persistent form of bovine viral diarrhea].

The review provides an analysis of literature data on the persistent form of Bovine Viral diarrhea/Mucosal disease (BVD) and is focused on virus and host factors, including those related to immune response, that contribute the persistence of the virus. BVD is a cattle disease widespread throughout the world that causes significant economic damage to dairy and beef cattle. The disease is characterized by a variety of clinical signs, including damage to the digestive and respiratory organs, abortions, stillbirths and other failures of reproductive functions.

Seasonal Variation of Immunohematological Parameters of the Peripheral Blood in the Pond Bat Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825) of the Urals.

Immunohematological parameters were for the first time studied in the pond bat Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825), the most common chiropteran species in the Urals, during seasonal periods of the annual life cycle. Multivariate nonparametric analysis of variance showed the absence of significant gender differences in red blood cell parameters (p = 0.35). Gender differences were observed in the counts of white blood cells, band neutrophils, segments neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the blood (p < 0.05). Males showed a higher development of innate immunity in summer compared with females (p < 0.05). A high lymphocyte level (50.6-53.5%) was observed in both males and females in the autumn-winter hibernation period, providing immune surveillance and specific reactive activation of the acquired adaptive immune response.

Functional Activity of the Blood System in Two Migratory Bat Species of the Urals.

Functional activity of the blood system was studied in two migratory Ural species, Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 and Pipistrellus nathusii Keyserling et Blasius, 1839. A multivariate nonparametric ANOVA of red blood parameters showed significant interspecific differences (p < 0.05) between the migrating bats and the resident species pond bat. A certain genetically determined multidirectionality in the mobilization of emergency regulation mechanisms of the lymphoid blood system was observed in bats.

Immunohematological Parameters of Ectothermal Amphibians of the Fauna of the Middle Urals: Siberian Salamander Salamandrella Keyserlingii Dybovsky, 1870 (Caudata) and Lake Frog Pelophylax Ridibundus Pallas, 1771 (Anura).

A comparative analysis of hematological parameters was for the first time performed in two ectothermal amphibians of the Middle Ural fauna, the Siberian salamander Salamandrella keyserlingii and lake frog Pelophylax ridibundиs. Species specificity of immune defense was demonstrated with respect to granulocyte and agranulocyte counts (p < 0.001). A high lymphocyte content (73.3-76.1%) of provides for the activation of acquired adaptive immunity mechanisms in the thermophilic lake frog. The Siberian salamander is adapted to low negative temperatures and has a set of nonspecific leukocytes (39.3-44.4%). Innate immunity is better developed in the Siberian salamander compared with the lake frog.

Assessment of Seasonal Variability of the Spectrum of Free Amino Acids in the Blood Plasma of the Boreal Bat Species (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825) of the Ural Fauna.

A comparative analysis of the content of free amino acids in the blood plasma of a representative of the bat fauna of the Urals, Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825), in seasonal periods of their annual life cycle is presented for the first time. The blood plasma of the pond bats contains a full spectrum of essential amino acids: threonine, valine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, histidine, and tryptophan. A significant accumulation of metabolically active glucoplastic alanine in the blood of M. dasycneme in the autumn (2.5 times) and winter (2.2 times) periods indicates its role as a low-temperature adaptogen.

Characteristic Immunohematological Parameters of Migratory (Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758) and Resident (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825) Bat Species of the Ural Fauna.

The results of the first comparative analysis of hematological parameters of bats from natural populations of the Ural region are presented: the pond bat (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825), which is a resident species, and the two-colored bat (Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758), which is a migratory species. Significant differences in the content of white blood cells (p = 0.05), red blood cells and platelets (p = 0.001) were shown. Interspecific differences were found in the leukograms of the studied bats both in the content of granulocytes (p = 0.04) and agranulocytes (p = 0.05). Migrating V. murinus are characterized by a significant contribution of the nonspecific protective system of the blood (54.9%) to the adaptive reactions of the body. In the pond bat, a pronounced lymphocytic profile (58.5%) indicates the activation of acquired adaptive immunity. Two-colored bats in comparison with pond bats are characterized by a higher level of innate immunity.

Amino Acid Spectrum in the Blood of the Endemic and Invasive Amphibian Species in the Fauna of the Ural.

For the first time, the results of a comparative analysis of free amino acids in the blood plasma of amphibians of the Ural fauna are presented: an endemic species (Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii Dybovsky, 1870)) and an invasive species (marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771)). The species diversity of adaptive strategies of thermoresistant amphibionts both to negative and positive temperatures is shown.

Comparative Analysis of the Amino Acid Spectrum of Blood Plasma in Chiroptera (Vespertilio murinus L., 1758 and Myotis dasycneme B., 1825) in the Fauna of the Ural Mountains.

The article presents the results of a new comparative analysis of free amino acids in the blood plasma of representatives of insectivorous Chiroptera (Mammalia: Vespertilionidae) in the fauna of the Ural Mountains: the pond bat (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825) and the parti-colored bat (Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758). This is the first study to show the species variability of free amino acids in resident and migratory species of bats from different ecosystems of the Ural Region.

Validation of the Technological Process of the Preparation "Milk by Vidal".

Validation was performed on the technological process of the compounded preparation "Milk by Vidal" in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory framework of Ukraine. Critical stages of formulation which can affect the quality of the finished preparation were considered during the research. The obtained results indicated that the quality of the finished preparation met the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.

[The specific features of the reproduction of the bovine coronavirus strain ARRIAH in the continuous RBT cell culture].

Cultivation of the bovine coronavirus strain ARRHIAH in the continuous RBT versus MDBK and Taurus cell cultures made it possible to reduce the time taken to reproduce the virus and to increase its hemagglutination titer. The RBT cell line is suitable for determining the infectious activity of the coronavirus reproduced in the other cell cultures. Optimization of a manufacturing process for diagnostic agents and vaccines has been achieved while applying a roll tube method for both RBT cell cultivation and coronavirus reproduction.

[Alkaline cultivation of bovine rotavirus in the continuous cell cultures].

Alkaline versus neutral cultivation of bovine rotavirus strain 101 in the continuous cell cultures resulted in a significant acceleration of a reproduction cycle with a very significant cytopathic effect.

[Bovine coronavirus reproduction in the continuous cell cultures at a temperature of 34 degrees C].

Cultivation of bovine coronavirus at 34 degrees C showed the relationship of the degree of its reproduction to the cellular system. The possibility of obtaining the double yield of bovine coronavirus was demonstrated in MDBK and Vero cell cultures at 34 degrees C.

[Indication, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of bovine diarrhea virus obtained in the territory of the Russian Federation ]. / Indikatsiia virusa diarei krupnogo rogatogo skota, genotipirovanie i filogeneticheskii analiz izoliatov, vyiavlennykh na territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

Bovine diarrhea virus (BDV) is widespread throughout the European part of the Russian Federation. The BDV genome is detected in around 40% of animals (aged up to 18 months) with lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. It can be found in all intestinal sections, including its contents and feces, in lymphoid and respiratory organs as well as in nasal washings and discharges and in vaginal tunic discharges of cows. Primary structure analysis of 5'-untransalted region of the genome of the detected isolates revealed that all of them belonged to genotype 1. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that a part of isolates belonged to subgenotype 1a, while most isolates make up a separate group. No geographic differences were reported in the circulation of the BDV genetic variants within Russia's territory.

[Restriction mapping of genome and nucleotide sequence of Aujeszky's disease virus strains isolated in CIS]. / Restriktsionnoe kartirovanie genoma i nukleotidnoe sekvenirovanie vydelennykh v SNG shtammov virusa bolezni Aueski.

Auesku disease virus--suid herpesvirus type I (SHV-1) genome is analyzed by the restriction fragment pattern analysis. The analyzed strains isolated in CIS countries in 1962-1992 were compared with the European strains. Genomes of field strains Arsk, Turkmenia, and Geneva differed and even lacked the restriction fragments typical of vaccine strains MK-25 or UNIIEV-18S, which agrees with the results of the neutralization test. Immunobiological characteristics of SHV-1 strains are discussed.

Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1.

Eight clones of hybrid cells secreting monoclonal antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1 were prepared; three of them neutralized viral infection. The specificity of THE monoclonal antibodies was analyzed by various immunoenzyme assays using 146S viral particles, trypsin-treated 146S particles, 12S particles, and certain viral polypeptides. The epitopes unique for virus type Asia-1 and conservative among several types were detected on the surface of viral particles. Epitopes on the surface of viral particle were mapped.

[Use of fluorescent probes for identifying certain animal viruses and antibodies to them]. / Ispol'zovanie fliuorestsentnykh zondov dlia identifikatsii nekotorykh virusov zhivotnykh i antitel k nim.

Virus adsorption on cell receptors changed the state of cellular membranes, as was shown on a model of 25 viruses belonging to 13 families. This is indicated by an increase in the fluorescence of the DSM probe. Homologous antibodies block the virus adsorption on the cell membrane, this permitting identification of viruses and detection of antibodies to them.