RESUMO
Background: Patient education is an essential component of improving public health as it empowers individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary for making informed decisions about their health and well-being. Primary care physicians play a crucial role in patients' education as they are the first contact between the patients and the healthcare system. However, they may not get adequate time to prepare educational material for their patients. An artificial intelligence-based writer like ChatGPT can help write the material for physicians. Aim: This study aimed to ascertain the capability of ChatGPT for generating patients' educational materials for common public health issues in India. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted on the internet using the free research version of ChatGPT, a conversational artificial intelligence that can generate human-like text output. We conversed with the program with the question - "prepare a patients' education material for X in India." In the X, we used the following words or phrases - "air pollution," "malnutrition," "maternal and child health," "mental health," "noncommunicable diseases," "road traffic accidents," "tuberculosis," and "water-borne diseases." The textual response in the conversation was collected and stored for further analysis. The text was analyzed for readability, grammatical errors, and text similarity. Result: We generated a total of eight educational documents with a median of 26 (Q1-Q3: 21.5-34) sentences with a median of 349 (Q1-Q3: 329-450.5) words. The median Flesch Reading Ease Score was 48.2 (Q1-Q3: 39-50.65). It indicates that the text can be understood by a college student. The text was grammatically correct with very few (seven errors in 3415 words) errors. The text was very clear in the majority (8 out of 9) of documents with a median score of 85 (Q1-Q3: 82.5-85) in 100. The overall text similarity index was 18% (Q1-Q3: 7.5-26). Conclusion: The research version of the ChatGPT (January 30, 2023 version) is capable of generating patients' educational materials for common public health issues in India with a difficulty level ideal for college students with high grammatical accuracy. However, the text similarity should be checked before using it. Primary care physicians can take the help of ChatGPT for generating text for materials used for patients' education.
RESUMO
Background A planned and structured physical activity is the cornerstone of improving and sustaining body fitness. The underlying reason for exercise is personal interest, maintaining good health, or improving endurance for sports. Furthermore, exercise may be either isotonic or isometric. In weight training, different types of weight are being used and are lifted against gravity, and this type of exercise is of isotonic type. Objective The objective of this study was to observe the changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) after a three-month weight training intervention in healthy young adult males and to compare them with age-matched healthy control. Materials and methods We initially recruited a total of 25 healthy male volunteers for the study and 25 age-matched participants in the control group. Research participants were screened for any existing diseases and suitability for participation by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire. We lost one participant from the study group and three participants from the control group in the follow-up. A structured weight training program (five days a week for three months) was applied for the study group with direct instruction and supervision in a controlled environment. A single expert clinician measured baseline and post-program (after three months) HR and BP (measured after 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 24 hours of rest after exercise) to reduce any possible inter-observer variation. For comparing the pre-exercise and post-exercise parameters, we considered the post-exercise measurement, which was done after 24 hours of exercise. Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Friedman test compared the parameters. Result A total of 24 males with a median age of 19 years (Q1-Q3: 18-20) participated as the study group and 22 males with the same median age were the control group. At the end of the three-month weight training exercise program, there was no significant change in the HR (median 82 versus 81 bpm, p = 0.27) in the study group. The systolic BP was increased (median 116 versus 126 mmHg, p <0.0001) after three months of the weight training program. In addition, pulse pressure and mean arterial BP was also increased. However, diastolic (median 76 versus 80 mmHg, p = 0.11) BP was not significantly increased. There was no change in HR, systolic and diastolic BP in the control group. Conclusion A structured weight training program (used in this study) for three months may sustain an increase in systolic BP at rest in young adult males while diastolic BP remains the same. The HR remains unchanged before and after the exercise program. Hence, those enrolling in such an exercise program should be monitored frequently for changes in BP over time for any timely intervention appropriate for the candidate. However, being a small-scale study, the result of this study would be validated by further observing the underlying causes of the increment of systolic blood pressure.
RESUMO
Background Anticipatory heart rate (HR) refers to an increase in HR that occurs in anticipation of a future event or activity. The anticipatory heart rate (HR) response before exercise is an important physiological indicator of exercise readiness. This study aimed to compare the anticipatory HR changes between sedentary and physically active young adult males during moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise. Understanding these anticipatory heart rate patterns can provide insights into the physiological adaptations and cardiovascular health of individuals with varying physical activity levels. Materials and methods A total of 60 young adult males, comprising sedentary (n = 30) and physically active individuals (n = 30), participated in this study. A brisk walking for a distance of 50 m was considered moderate intensity and one minute of spot jogging at maximum effort with verbal encouragement was considered vigorous intensity exercise. The HR was recorded at baseline, just before the exercise, and on each minute up to 5 minutes after the exercise. Results The study involved 30 physically active young adult males (mean age 20.23 ± 1.43 years) and 30 sedentary adult males (mean age 20.07 ± 1.17 years). In physically active young adults, the resting HR was 76.4±10.89 bpm and just before starting moderate-intensity exercise, it was 78.83±12.98 bpm, paired t-test P = 0.22. The HR just before vigorous-intensity exercise was 80.83±11.18 bpm (paired t-test P = 0.03). In sedentary young adults, the resting HR was 82.23±12.69 bpm and just before starting moderate-intensity exercise, it was 90.13±18.69 bpm, paired t-test P = 0.0008. The HR just before vigorous-intensity exercise was 91.7±15.04 bpm (paired t-test P <0.0001). Conclusion Physically active young adults did not exhibit a significant increase in anticipatory HR before moderate-intensity exercise. However, sedentary individuals exhibit a significant anticipatory HR response. Before vigorous-intensity exercise, both exhibited significant increments in HR. The result highlights the importance of considering the anticipatory HR response as a potential marker of cardiovascular health and exercise readiness.
