Long-term follow-up in high-grade meningioma and outcome analysis.

Objectives: The determinants of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for higher-grade meningiomas have not been clearly established and to summarize the long-term clinical outcome for patients with grade 2 or 3 meningioma and assess the PFS and OS factors. Materials and Methods: The study included all individuals, who had undergone surgical removal of cerebral meningiomas between 2005 and 2020 and whose histological results suggested a World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 or grade 3 diseases. Kaplan-Meier curves are plotted to examine tumor control and OS after the follow-up. The reverse Wald logistic regression and Mantel-Cox test were used in multivariate analysis for tumor recurrence and mortality. Results: There were 94 individuals enrolled with 82 having WHO grade 2 tumors and 12 having WHO grade 3 lesions. Gross total resection of the tumor was present in 73 patients (78%), and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) was administered to 43 (45.7%) individuals. During the course of the study, 17 patients died. The WHO grade of the tumor, the extent of resection, and the absence of bone involvement were all independent predictors of better survival in a multivariate analysis. Furthermore, whereas adjuvant RT after surgery enhanced survival, it was not statistically significant (hazard ratios [95% confidence interval CI] = 1.91 [0.15-23.52] [P = 0.61]). Conclusion: The degree of tumor excision is the strongest predictor of PFS and OS. In the event of a recurrence, rather than opting for upfront radiation, a second surgery with the goal of maximum safe resection should be performed.

Analysing the behaviour of doubling rates in 8 major countries affected by COVID-19 virus.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Sars-CoV2 is a novel coronavirus that is transmitted to humans through zoonosis and characterised by mild to moderate pneumonia-like symptoms. The outbreak began in Wuhan, China, and has now spread on a global scale. Doubling time is the amount of period taken for a particular entity (that tends to grow over time) to double its size/value. This study's prime target is to develop relationships between the variation in the doubling time of the number of cases of COVID-19 virus and various socio-economic factors responsible for them. These frameworks focus on the relationships instead of relational data, so here in graph structures, we have generated different patterns of doubling rates and drawn the inferences. METHODS: Only significant countries affected by the COVID-19 virus are studied, and accordingly, collected datasets of growth of cases in the form of spreadsheets. The doubling rate is determined by calculating the doubling time for each day and then plotting these datasets in graphical form. RESULTS: The doubling time of various countries is vastly affected by the preventive measures taken and the lockdown implementation's success. Higher testing rates helped identify the hosts of the virus; thus, countries with mass testing have lower doubling rates. Countries, where the virus spread started earlier, had less time to prepare themselves, and they were in initial stages, the doubling time suffered. A sudden dip in doubling time is due to a large gathering of people or not effective lockdown; thus, people's attitude contributes to an essential role in affecting the doubling time. CONCLUSION: The relationships between the spread of the virus and various factors such as dissimilarities in ethnic values, demographics, governing bodies, human resources, economy, and tourism of major countries are carried out to understand the differences in the virus's behaviour. This fast-moving pandemic has shown various defects and weaknesses in our healthcare systems, political organisations & economic stability and gives numerous lessons on how to enhance the ways that the global societies address similar epidemics. There is also a component that may share the same denominator is the necessity for requisite healthcare systems and medical staff. Still, the shortage of this component does not certainly mean that taking necessary steps would be ineffective. Transmission of COVID-19 to humans by zoonosis reveals that the global community is required to be observant concerning similar pandemics in the future.