RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to identify the most important physiological and biological effects of green synthesis ZnO nanoparticles at a size of 65 nm, biostimulant (Folcare) and interaction biostimulant ZnO NPs on plant growth and metabolism. As our understanding of biostimulants' preventive and restorative modes of action has increased, it is critical to maintain the best crop output and quality possible. The reduction of fertilizers must be substituted by strategies that improve the nutrients uptake or their utilization by the plants. New processing methods are required as an efficient green process or an integrated (hybrid) process for different new technologies of interest. The effects of NPs, biostimulant, and combination ZnO NPs biostimulant on plant cell metabolism were examined in cytosol, chloroplast, and mitochondria of cells from the stems, roots, and leaves. The interaction NPs/biostimulant had a beneficial effect on the morphological and physiological indicators of plant health than when nanoparticles and biostimulant are applied separately. Folcare biostimulant coupled with zinc oxide nanoparticles improved pea crops growth. The improved of the quality of pea plants can be explained at least, in part, by increase in antioxidant activities during plant growth phenophase.
1. Highlighting the environmental effect the risk management of biostimulants based on ZnO bionanoparticles on the growth of pea- Identification of specific responses of plants to nano stresses: Analyzes of metabolitesAntioxidants enzymes2. Folcare coupled with zinc oxide bionanoparticles has a significant favorable influence on environmental conservation management by assisting plants in more effectively using nutrients.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Óxido de Zinco , Pisum sativum , Biodegradação Ambiental , Raízes de PlantasRESUMO
This study investigates the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing an aqueous solution of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract, which is acts as reducing agent as well as capping agent. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the plant extract, indicating that they were the major agents capable of reducing zinc nitrate salt. According to our x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, ZnO-NPs exhibit a particular phase wurtzite structure. The ZnO-NPs are spherical in shape and have an average size of 15â nm, according to the measurements of electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. Energy dispersion (EDX) analysis demonstrates that the NPs are mainly composed of zinc and oxygen. The zeta potential of these nanoparticles shows that they are very stable. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs was tested using agar dilutions with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. According to the research results, ZnO-NPs can be established as an extremely specific antibacterial agent for a wide variety of organisms to prevent bacterial growth. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of ZnO-NPs were determined using the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging approach, and the IC50 value of 38â µg/mL was measured for ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed significant catalytic performance of methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation. Overall, ZnO-NPs in their produced state have excellent potential in biomedical and wastewater treatment applications. Radical scavengers were used to evaluate the role of radicals in the reaction mechanism.
RESUMO
Nanoparticle (NPs) toxicity in the plant has drawn considerable attention. Fenugreek plants were cultivated for 16 days in hydroponic experiments and treated with 50 and 100 mg L- 1 titanium oxide (TiO2) NPs of two sizes [23 ± 1.6 nm (D1) and 83 ± 15 nm. (D2)]. The level of Ti in roots was higher than that of leaves and stems of plants treated with 100 mg L- 1 of TiO2 NPs (D1, D2). Ti caused a depletion of Ca and Mn compared with root control. The titane (Ti) damage to root cellular membranes could alter the plant's capacity to absorb and transport some nutrients. In our study, increasing the size of TiO2 NPs produced increases in the contents of Mg, Zn and Mn, and a decline in the contents of Fe and Cu in leaves and stems. In roots, Fe and Cu decreased after TiO2 NPs (D2) exposure. Changes in the fenugreek plant mineral composition were assessed, and physiological disturbances could be directly correlated with exposure to NPs.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Trigonella , Minerais , Titânio , ÁguaRESUMO
The study aimed to determine the impact of treated domestic wastewater on seed germination, seedling growth and reserve mobilization from Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum graecum L.). Seeds were germinated by soaking in distilled water (H2O) or wastewater treated with various methods: activated sludge processes (T1), facultative lagoons treatment (T2) and dilution. Results show high levels of organic matter (OM), suspended solids (TSS) and nutrients in TWW (T2) than that of TWW (T1). The embryo length and biomass of fenugreek imbibed by TWW were higher in TWW (T2) compared with TWW (T1). There was more reduction in free amino acids and soluble sugar contents in fenugreek treated with TWW (T1) than treated by TWW (T2). Important solutes leakage is recorded by measuring electric conductivity during seed imbibition with TWW. Improving the quality of wastewater by dilution (50%) stimulated germination of seeds and the growth of the tested plant. Moreover, it significantly reduces the solutes leakage and enhanced seed metabolites accumulation.
Assuntos
Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Trigonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Trigonella/metabolismo , Águas Residuárias/toxicidade , Agricultura , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomassa , Monitoramento Ambiental , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/química , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/metabolismo , Esgotos/efeitos adversos , Esgotos/química , Trigonella/química , Trigonella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Águas Residuárias/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the toxicity of nanosheet zinc oxide nanoparticle with the size of 45 nm. The penetration of nanoparticles at an exposure by a localized spray does not make it possible to understand the mechanism of transport and bioavailability of the nanoparticles. In contrast, nanoparticles penetrated, via the roots, as a function of their diameter, the smaller ones having caused leaf stress (by translocation) at low concentrations. So that the choice of method of root application. Plants treated with 50 mg L-1 of ZnO-NPs presented disturbance in leaf due to changes in chlorophyll's biosynthesis. The highest value of the photosynthetic pigments was recorded at 5 mg L-1 of ZnO-NPs. However, the treatment with 50 mg L-1 of ZnO-NPs caused a decrease in the levels of chlorophyll a and b. Moreover, ZnO-NPs leaves significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Trigonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido de Zinco/toxicidade , Disponibilidade Biológica , Clorofila A/biossíntese , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Trigonella/metabolismo , Óxido de Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
In the present study, the interactions between nanoparticle (NP) exposure, root application and plants were examined. NPs are potentially responsible for conformational changes in polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, pectin, suberin and lignin molecules. 4 days of treatment with metal oxide caused a statistically significant increase in nicotinamide adénine dinucléotide oxidase activity in mitochondria and cytosol. Following exposure to TiO2NP, even lipid peroxidation levels decreased in the mitochondria (leaves, stem and root) and in the cytosol (leaves and root), although it increased in the cytosol of the stem. Malondialdehyde accumulation was found to be higher in the cytosol compared to the mitochondria of stems, and in the cytosol of leaves and roots. NPs caused alterations in metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) and the generation of oxidative stress. Effects caused by exposures to NPs were influenced by differences in metabolic responses in plant parts, plant compartments, the period of exposure and the NP doses.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Titânio/toxicidade , Trigonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Ascorbato Peroxidases/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Citosol/efeitos dos fármacos , Citosol/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Complexos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , NADH NADPH Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Caules de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Trigonella/metabolismoRESUMO
The potential toxicity of nanoparticles in plants is scarce and contradictory. Despite the diversity of research efforts, a detailed explanation of the TiO2NPS effects in plant photosynthesis is still missing. The present work gives a new approach to examine the impact of the TiO2NPs on crop production (development and photosynthesis) and plant protection (tolerance and defense systems) in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Seedlings were assessed in greenhouse trials to estimate the influence of TiO2NPs on physiological characters for 16 days. They were treated with TiO2NPs at a size less than 20nm. The results revealed that there were no significant effects on seedlings growth and biomass of stem, but a decrease in the fresh weight of leaves after TiO2NPs treatment. Plants treated with 100mg·L-1 of TiO2NPs presented a reduction and chlorosis in leaf area due to a significant decrease in the chlorophyll a and b contents. The highest value of the photosynthetic pigments was recorded at 50mg·L-1 of TiO2NPs. However, the treatment with 100mg·L-1 of TiO2NPs caused a decrease in the levels of chlorophyll a, b and of carotenoids. Both doses of TiO2NPs induced an accumulation of anthocyanins compared to the control after 16 days of seedling development. A nano-stress significantly decreased the flavonoids level, but increased that of polyphenols compared to control after 16 days of exposure. The decrease in the translocation ratio of flavonoids suggests that many of them contain an enediol group, which suggests that they may act as bidentate ligands for anatase TiO2NPs. Accordingly, nano-stressed leaves exhibited significantly enhanced GPOX, CAT and APX activity levels. On the contrary, GPOX and CAT activities were reduced substantially in stems treated with 100mg·L-1 TiO2NPs. The accumulation of MDA was found to be higher in stems than in leaves. This could be explained by the accumulation of nanoparticles in different organs; it could be that the stems are the favored targets of nanoparticles. These results underline the necessity for a deeper estimation of nanoparticle ecotoxicity and particularly concerning their interaction with plants.