[EFFECT OF NEONATAL RESPIRATORY SUPPORT STRATEGIES IN THE ICU].

This review deals with the current trends in protective ventilation in newborns. Volumotrauma is the most common variant of ventilator-induced lung injury. The modern research is devoted to the study of biotrauma, which is the release of inflammatory mediators in response to mechanical ventilation. There is a correlation between the ventilator-induced lung injury and the development of chronic lung diseases in infants. Now we have the "new" form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-parenchymal lung disease characterized by impaired growth and development of the alveoli and blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation. Some authors believe that the use of noninvasive ventilation as a starting method of respiratory support reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The modern protective ventilation involves two main principles to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury: a decrease in tidal volume (V) and the principle of permissive hypercapnia. Application ofthe method of permissive hypercapnia and modes of the target volume can reduce the likelihood of ventilator-induced lung injury in newborn infants. Despite the limitation of the indications for mechanical ventilation in modern neonatology and widespread use of noninvasive ventilation for patients who really need mechanical ventilation, the use of modes with the target volume provides the best chance to reduce the complications of ventilation.

[Oxygen transport parameters in halothane and isoflurane anesthesia with the low gas flow in children]. / Parametry transporta kisloroda pri anestezii galotanom i izofliuranom s minimal'nym potokom gazov u detei.

The efficiency and safety of low flow inhalation anesthesia for children were evaluated on the basis of oxygen transport parameters. Sixty-seven children aged 3 months to 15 years (mean age 5.7 +/- 2.5 years) were subjected to inhalation halothane and isoflurane anesthesia with fresh gas flow of 0.5 liter/min. Oxygen delivery, consumption, and tissue extraction were evaluated. Oxygen transport parameters remained optimal at all stages of anesthesia, which confirmed the safety of this method in children for routine interventions.