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1.
Inflamm Bowel Dis ; 25(6): 1088-1095, 2019 05 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30601999

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether oral vitamin D supplementation during the winter and early spring reduces the incidence of influenza and upper respiratory infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of vitamin D supplementation (500 IU/day) and a placebo. The primary outcome was the incidence of influenza; the secondary outcome was the incidence of upper respiratory infection. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels (low <20 ng/mL or high ≥20 ng/mL) and whether ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) was present. We also used the Lichtiger clinical activity index for patients with UC and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) for patients with CD before and after interventions. RESULTS: We included 223 patients with IBD and randomized them into 2 groups: vitamin D supplementation (n = 108) and placebo (n = 115). The incidence of influenza did not differ between the groups. However, the incidence of upper respiratory infection was significantly lower in the vitamin D group (relative risk [RR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35-0.98; P = 0.042). This effect was enhanced in the low 25-OHD level subgroup (RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14-0.90; P = 0.02). With respect to adverse events, the Lichtiger clinical activity index score was significantly worse in the vitamin D group (P = 0.002) and remained significant only in the high 25-OHD level subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation may have a preventative effect against upper respiratory infection in patients with IBD but may worsen the symptoms of UC.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Vírus da Influenza A/efeitos dos fármacos , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Deficiência de Vitamina D/fisiopatologia , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Estações do Ano , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem
2.
J Chemother ; 26(6): 369-72, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24621160

RESUMO

Gemcitabine application for patients with impaired renal function or undergoing haemodialysis will increase if the efficacy and safety are proved as the treatment for pancreatic cancer of these patients. However, there is no guideline about the usage of gemcitabine in patients with impaired renal function or haemodialysis. We report the case of a 70-year-old man with advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing haemodialysis. After discontinuation of 100% or 80% dosage, 60% dose of gemcitabine was administered biweekly. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were marked by slight variations and abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed the tumour size hardly changed. We administered gemcitabine for the patient 14 times in total, and he survived over 8 months from the definitive diagnosis. These findings confirm the efficacy and safety of treatment with a biweekly 60% dose of gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing haemodialysis in the face of dose modification.


Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Diálise Renal , Idoso , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Gencitabina
3.
PLoS One ; 9(1): e86702, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24489770

RESUMO

Previous work has demonstrated that intestinal bacteria, such as Fusobacterium varium (F. varium), contribute to the clinical activity in ulcerative colitis (UC); thus, an antibiotic combination therapy (amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole (ATM)) against F. varium can induce and maintain UC remission. Therefore, we investigated whether ATM therapy induces a long-term alteration of intestinal microbiota in patients with UC. Patients with UC were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Biopsy samples at the beginning of the trial and again at 3 months after treatment completion were randomly obtained from 20 patients. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) in mucosa-associated bacterial components was examined to assess the alteration of the intestinal microbiota. Profile changes of T-RFLP in mucosa-associated bacterial components were found in 10 of 12 patients in the treatment group and in none of 8 in the placebo group. Dice similarity coefficients using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (Dice-UPGMA) confirmed that the similarity of mucosal microbiota from the descending colon was significantly decreased after the ATM therapy, and this change was maintained for at least 3 months. Moreover, at 3 months after treatment completion, the F. varium/ß-actin ratio, examined by real-time PCR using nested PCR products from biopsy samples, was reduced less than 40% in 8 of 12 treated patients, which was higher, but not significantly, than in 4 of 8 patients in the placebo group. Together, these results suggest that ATM therapy induces long-term alterations in the intestinal microbiota of patients with UC, which may be associated, at least in part, with clinical effects of the therapy.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Infecções por Fusobacterium/microbiologia , Fusobacterium/genética , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Microbiota/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Fusobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Fusobacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico
5.
Scand J Gastroenterol ; 49(2): 164-72, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24286534

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing and remitting intestinal inflammatory disorder. Zinc is known to be efficacious for the repair of damaged tissue and has been shown to protect against gastric ulceration. This study focused on Polaprezinc (PZ), N-(3-aminopropionyl)-L-histidinato zinc, which accelerates ulcer healing through actions such as prostaglandin-independent cytoprotection and antioxidative activity. METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, investigator-blinded trial, 28 patients with active UC at The Jikei University Hospital were randomly divided into two groups: one treated with a 150 mg PZ enema (n = 18) and the other not treated with a PZ enema (n = 10). All patients received usual induction therapy. Clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings and histological findings were evaluated at entry and one week later. RESULTS: In the PZ group, modified Matts' endoscopic scores were significantly improved after treatment compared to baseline in the rectum (p = 0.004), sigmoid colon (p = 0.03) and descending colon (p = 0.04). In the non-PZ group, scores were not significantly improved in the rectum (p = 0.14) and descending colon (p = 0.34), but were improved in the sigmoid colon (p = 0.04). In the PZ group, the Mayo scores at baseline and at Day 8 were 9.1 ± 1.6 and 5.8 ± 2.7 (p = 0.00004), respectively, and in the placebo group, the scores were 8.9 ± 1.7 and 7.4 ± 2.1 (p = 0.009), respectively. Clinical response or remission was significantly better in the PZ group (71%) than in the placebo group (10%). CONCLUSIONS: A zinc-carnosine chelate compound, PZ, enema may become a useful new add-on treatment to accelerate mucosal healing in UC.


Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Carnosina/análogos & derivados , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Organometálicos/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/efeitos adversos , Carnosina/administração & dosagem , Carnosina/efeitos adversos , Carnosina/uso terapêutico , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Colo Descendente/patologia , Colo Sigmoide/patologia , Colonoscopia , Enema , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Organometálicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Organometálicos/efeitos adversos , Reto/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Método Simples-Cego , Adulto Jovem , Compostos de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Zinco/efeitos adversos , Compostos de Zinco/uso terapêutico
6.
Liver Int ; 34(2): 243-52, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23890161

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Precisely what type of cells mainly contributes to portal fibrosis, especially in chronic viral hepatitis, such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the parenchyma or myofibroblasts in the portal area, still remains unclear. It is necessary to clarify the characteristics of cells that contribute to portal fibrosis in order to determine the mechanism of portal fibrogenesis and to develop a therapeutic target for portal fibrosis. This study was undertaken to examine whether LRAT+/CRBP-1+ HSCs contribute to portal fibrosis on viral hepatitis. METHODS: Antibodies to lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) and widely ascertained antibodies to HSCs (alpha-smooth muscle actin, neurotrophin-3) and endothelial cells (CD31) were used for immunohistochemical studies to assess the distribution of cells that contribute to the development of portal fibrosis with the aid of fluorescence microscopy. A quantitative analysis of LRAT+/CRBP-1+ HSCs was performed. RESULTS: The number of LRAT+/CRBP-1+ HSCs was increased in fibrotic liver in comparison with normal liver in the portal area and fibrous septa. The number of double positive cells was less than 20% of all cells/field in maximum. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that functional HSCs coexpressing both LRAT and CRBP-1 that continue to maintain the ability to store vitamin A contribute in part to the development of portal fibrogenesis in addition to parenchymal fibrogenesis in patients with viral hepatitis.


Assuntos
Aciltransferases/metabolismo , Fibrose/patologia , Células Estreladas do Fígado/metabolismo , Hepatite/fisiopatologia , Veia Porta/patologia , Proteínas Celulares de Ligação ao Retinol/metabolismo , Aciltransferases/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Fibrose/etiologia , Fibrose/metabolismo , Hepatite/complicações , Hepatite/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Celulares de Ligação ao Retinol/imunologia , Vitamina A/metabolismo
7.
World J Gastroenterol ; 19(45): 8335-41, 2013 Dec 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24363525

RESUMO

AIM: To investigate the association of procalcitonin (PCT) with ulcerative colitis (UC) activity. METHODS: Serum PCT levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the white blood cell count were analyzed in 18 patients with UC and 11 healthy volunteers. Serum PCT levels were analyzed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Severity assessments were based on Truelove and Witts' severity index. Correlation of serum PCT and CRP levels with UC activity was examined. Moreover, we assessed serum PCT and CRP levels in patients with a Mayo endoscopic subscore. RESULTS: Serum PCT levels in severe UC patients (n = 7) (0.096 ± 0.034 ng/mL) were significantly higher than in mild-to-moderate UC patients (n = 11) (0.033 ± 0.012 ng/mL) and healthy volunteers (n = 11) (0.035 ± 0.005 ng/mL) (P = 0.0005 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, there was no difference in serum PCT levels between mild-to-moderate UC patients and healthy volunteers. Interestingly, patients with a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points displayed significantly increased levels of serum PCT (0.075 ± 0.043 ng/mL) compared with patients with a subscore of 2 points (0.03 ± 0.011 ng/mL) (P = 0.0302). Moreover, CRP levels in patients with severe UC or a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points were not significantly higher than in patients with mild-to-moderate UC or a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points. CONCLUSION: Serum PCT levels were significantly correlated with UC activity.


Assuntos
Calcitonina/sangue , Colite Ulcerativa/sangue , Precursores de Proteínas/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Sedimentação Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Colonoscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Regulação para Cima , Adulto Jovem
8.
Scand J Gastroenterol ; 48(10): 1173-82, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23971724

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE. Reliable indicators of the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (sESCC: intramucosal and submucosal invasive carcinoma) may contribute to assist optimal clinical decision-making for treating sESCC. In esophageal cancer, there is a possibility of metastasis, even in sESCC, and careful evaluation is needed when making a pathological diagnosis. In this study, we objectively evaluated predictive factors of LNM. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 110 consecutive sESCC cases were obtained. We evaluated candidate predictive factors of LNM as follows: (1) maximum tumor diameter; (2) macroscopic type; (3) depth of tumor invasion; (4) histological differentiation; (5) infiltrative growth pattern; (6) tumor budding; (7) lymphatic invasion; (8) venous invasion and (9) lympho-vascular invasion (LVI). Both Elastica-Van Gieson staining (EVG) and immunohistochemistry (IHC: D2-40, CD31, CD34) were used to evaluate invasion into the lympho-vascular spaces. For statistical analyses, single and multiple logistic regression were performed. RESULTS. LNM was observed in 37 cases (33.6%). LVI using EVG and IHC was the strongest independent predictor of LNM with an odds ratio of 12.01. Analysis of the relationship between LVI using EVG and IHC and LNM showed a negative predictive value of 94.6%. CONCLUSIONS. Evaluation of LVI using EVG and IHC may contribute to predict LNM in sESCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Esofagectomia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Modelos Logísticos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Invasividade Neoplásica , Fatores de Risco , Coloração e Rotulagem , Carga Tumoral , Neoplasias Vasculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Vasculares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Vasculares/secundário , Veias/metabolismo , Veias/patologia
9.
PLoS One ; 8(5): e63498, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23717436

RESUMO

The therapeutic efficacy of fusion cell (FC)-based cancer vaccine generated with whole tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs) requires the improved immunogenicity of both cells. Treatment of whole tumor cells with ethanol resulted in blockade of immune-suppressive soluble factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-10 without decreased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and the MUC1 tumor-associated antigen. Moreover, the ethanol-treated tumor cells expressed "eat-me" signals such as calreticulin (CRT) on the cell surface and released immunostimulatory factors such as heat shock protein (HSP)90α and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). A dual stimulation of protein-bound polysaccharides isolated from Coriolus versicolor (TLR2 agonist) and penicillin-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes (TLR4 agonist) led human monocyte-derived DCs to produce HSP90α and multiple cytokines such as IL-12p70 and IL-10. Interestingly, incorporating ethanol-treated tumor cells and TLRs-stimulated DCs during the fusion process promoted fusion efficiency and up-regulated MHC class II molecules on a per fusion basis. Moreover, fusions of ethanol-treated tumor cells and dual TLRs-stimulated DCs (E-tumor/FCs) inhibited the production of multiple immune-suppressive soluble factors including TGF-ß1 and up-regulated the production of IL-12p70 and HSP90α. Most importantly, E-tumor/FCs activated T cells capable of producing high levels of IFN-γ, resulting in augmented MUC1-specific CTL induction. Collectively, our results illustrate the synergy between ethanol-treated whole tumor cells and dual TLRs-stimulated DCs in inducing augmented CTL responses in vitro by FC preparations. The alternative system is simple and may provide a platform for adoptive immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Interleucina-12/biossíntese , Neoplasias/terapia , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Fusão Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citocinas/metabolismo , Etanol/farmacologia , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária , Mucina-1/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Fenótipo , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/agonistas
10.
PLoS One ; 8(3): e59280, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23555011

RESUMO

Induction of antitumor immunity by dendritic cell (DC)-tumor fusion cells (DC/tumor) can be modulated by their activation status. In this study, to address optimal status of DC/tumor to induce efficient antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), we have created various types of DC/tumor: 1) un-activated DC/tumor; 2) penicillin-killed Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432; TLR4 agonist)-activated DC/tumor; 3) protein-bound polysaccharides isolated from Coriolus versicolor (PSK; TLR2 agonist)-activated DC/tumor; and 4) Combined OK-432- and PSK-activated DC/tumor. Moreover, we assessed the effects of TGF-ß1 derived from DC/tumor on the induction of MUC1-specific CTLs. Combined TLR2- and TLR4-activated DC/tumor overcame immune-suppressive effect of TGF-ß1 in comparison to those single activated or un-activated DC/tumor as demonstrated by: 1) up-regulation of MHC class II and CD86 expression on DC/tumor; 2) increased fusion efficiency; 3) increased production of fusions derived IL-12p70; 4) activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that produce high levels of IFN-γ; 5) augmented induction of CTL activity specific for MUC1; and 6) superior efficacy in inhibiting CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cell generation. However, DC/tumor-derived TGF-ß1 reduced the efficacy of DC/tumor vaccine in vitro. Incorporating combined TLRs-activation and TGF-ß1-blockade of DC/tumor may enhance the effectiveness of DC/tumor-based cancer vaccines and have the potential applicability to the field of adoptive immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/agonistas , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/agonistas , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/farmacologia , Antígeno B7-2/genética , Antígeno B7-2/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/genética , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Fusão Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Dendríticas/citologia , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-12/biossíntese , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucina-1/genética , Mucina-1/imunologia , Picibanil/farmacologia , Proteoglicanas/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/citologia , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo
11.
Pathol Int ; 63(2): 120-4, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23464970

RESUMO

The diagnosis of the rare neoplasm histiocytic sarcoma (HS) relies on morphology and the presence of immunophenotypic features of histiocytic lineage. More than 57 cases, including 16 cases involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, have been described since the World Health Organization issued its classification system for tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue in 2001. HS is often diagnosed in its late stages, at which point the prognosis is poor. Only a small proportion of these patients can undergo surgical resection with curative intent. The present report describes how HS can be diagnosed at a stage of favorable prognosis using balloon enteroscopy (BE), thereby enabling surgical resection before the development of metastases. This strategy is reviewed in the setting of a patient with jejunal HS, followed by a discussion of data from 16 other reported cases of GI HS.


Assuntos
Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Sarcoma Histiocítico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Intestinais/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 66(2): 109-14, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23514906

RESUMO

Fusobacterium varium is an elusive pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis (UC); conventional methods of fecal culture rarely recover F. varium. We have developed a nested culture method to recover Fusobacterium and we used it to investigate whether F. varium could be isolated from UC patients. We enrolled 50 consecutive patients in this study; 26 received combination antibiotic therapy that included amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole (ATM) for 2 weeks and were thus assigned to the ATM group, and the remaining 24 were assigned to the non-ATM group and did not receive any antibiotics. Stool samples were added to 10 ml of GAM broth that contained neomycin and crystal violet. The samples were vortexed and incubated under anaerobic conditions. The preincubated broth was streaked onto a Fusobacterium-selective agar plate and then incubated under anaerobic conditions. The species of the colonies isolated were identified using the Vitek Automated system and PCR analysis. We recoverd F. varium from 7 of the 24 non-ATM patients (29.2%) and none from the ATM patients (0%) (P = 0.0035). All of the F. varium isolates were susceptible to ATM. This study suggests that the recovery of F. varium is related to UC, which aligns with results from previous studies that used mucosal culture, immunostaining, real-time PCR, and serological studies.


Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Fusobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Meios de Cultura/química , Feminino , Fusobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
13.
Clin Dev Immunol ; 2011: 267539, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21922022

RESUMO

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and notoriously difficult to treat. As the vast majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced stage of the disease, only a small population is curative by surgical resection. Although gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is typically offered as standard of care, most patients do not survive longer than 6 months. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Pancreatic cancer cells that develop gemcitabine resistance would still be suitable targets for immunotherapy. Therefore, one promising treatment approach may be immunotherapy that is designed to target pancreatic-cancer-associated antigens. In this paper, we detail recent work in immunotherapy and the advances in concept of combination therapy of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. We offer our perspective on how to increase the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies for pancreatic cancer.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer , Tratamento Farmacológico , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Terapia Combinada , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoterapia/tendências , Ativação Linfocitária , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Evasão Tumoral
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