RESUMO
The acacia bark extract derived from Acacia mearnsii De Wild is rich in proanthocyanidins, whose constituent units are robinetinidol, fisetinidol, catechin, and gallocatechin. In this study, we examined the effect of proanthocyanidins on obesity and diabetes using KKAy mice, a type 2 diabetes model. KKAy mice were fed either a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet mixed with an acacia bark extract, a proanthocyanidins fraction, and other fraction for 7 weeks. Monitoring the changes in the body weight revealed that acacia bark extract and proanthocyanidins fraction could prevent excessive weight gain resulting from a high-fat diet. In addition, increases in the fasting blood glucose level due to high-fat diet intake were found to be suppressed by acacia bark extract and proanthocyanidins fraction. Furthermore, proanthocyanidins derived from acacia bark were found to increase the expression of adiponectin in white adipose tissue, which enhances the action of insulin. In addition, acacia bark-derived proanthocyanidins suppressed gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis in the liver, as well as suppressing the decrease in energy production under pathological conditions in skeletal muscle. In addition, acacia bark-derived proanthocyanidins showed AMPK activation and DPP-4 inhibitory action. Therefore, it was suggested that acacia bark-derived proanthocyanidins lowered fasting blood glucose levels through the above mechanism. These results suggest that proanthocyanidins derived from acacia bark are the active ingredients of the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of acacia bark extract.
Assuntos
Acacia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Proantocianidinas , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Camundongos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Casca de Planta , Proantocianidinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Chemokines induce leukocyte chemotaxis and contribute to chronic inflammation. To clarify the association between functional polymorphisms in genes encoding some chemokines and the pathogenesis of Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), we genotyped IL8 -251T/A, Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted (RANTES) - 403G/A, -28C/G, MIG rs2276886G/A, IP10 -1596C/T, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein1 (MCP1) - 2518G/A and IL16 -295T/C polymorphisms. We genotyped these polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method in 149 Graves' disease (GD) patients, including 59 patients with intractable GD and 53 patients with GD in remission, as well as 131 Hashimoto's disease (HD) patients, including 54 patients with severe HD, 46 patients with mild HD and 99 healthy controls. The IL8 -251TT genotype and MIG rs2276886 A allele were more frequent in patients with AITD (p = 0.0139 and p = 0.0005, respectively). The RANTES - 403AA and -28GG genotypes were less frequent in patients with AITD (p = 0.0164 and p = 0.0221, respectively). The MCP1 -2518GG genotype was more frequent in HD patients (p = 0.0323). The MIG rs2276886 AG genotype was less frequent in patients with intractable GD (p = 0.0051). Interestingly, the age of onset in GD patients with the RANTES - 28CC genotype was younger than in those with -28CG and GG genotypes (p = 0.0028). In this study, we first reported that the polymorphisms in IL8, RANTES and MIG genes are associated with the development of AITD, and that the MIG rs2276886 AG genotype is associated with the intractability of GD. The RANTES - 28CC genotype is associated with young onset of GD.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/genética , Quimiocinas/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo Genético , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Doenças Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiocina CCL5/genética , Quimiocina CXCL9/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Doença de Graves/genética , Doença de Hashimoto/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-16/genética , Interleucina-8/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Citocinas/genética , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/imunologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/terapiaRESUMO
A change in the mode of self-motion coupled with complex formation was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A 1,10-phenanthroline disk floating on water exhibited either uniform or intermittent motion (in which the disk altered between rapid motion and a resting state) depending on the concentration of Fe(2+) in the aqueous phase. Since the driving force for this motion is considered to be governed by the surface concentrations of phenanthroline (phen) and [Fe(phen)(3)](2+), it is important to understand the relationship between the kinetics near the air/water interface and the mode of motion. We propose a mathematical model for the motion of the phenanthroline disk and discuss the validity of this model based on a comparison with the experimental results.
