Information metric from a linear sigma model.

The idea that a space-time metric emerges as a Fisher-Rao "information metric" of instanton moduli space has been examined in several field theories, such as the Yang-Mills theories and nonlinear σ models. In this paper, we report that the flat Euclidean or Minkowskian metric, rather than an anti-de Sitter metric that generically emerges from instanton moduli spaces, can be obtained as the Fisher-Rao metric from a nontrivial solution of the massive Klein-Gordon field (a linear σ model). This realization of the flat space from the simple field theory would be useful to investigate the ideas that relate the space-time geometry with the information geometry.

Estrogen-producing ovarian adenocarcinoma with large abscess formation.

We report a postmenopausal patient with serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary associated with large abscess formation and estrogen production. Ovarian cancer accompanied by stromal function is an occasional event, but large abscess association is a rarity. The present case is thus even rarer. Her clinical condition complicated by rupture of the abscess significantly improved with the administration of carboplatin and etoposide following surgical drainage. This fact possibly suggests the presence of chemical factors causing inflammatory reactions within the neoplastic tissue or fluid and clearly supports the definite efficacy of the combination chemotherapy in ovarian epithelial carcinoma associated with abscess formation.

Hemodialysis rescued the mother in a case of severe chronic renal failure accompanied by perirenal hematoma due to HELLP syndrome.

We present a case of severe maternal renal failure, accompanied by HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Since her renal function deteriorated in addition to the anemia and thrombocytopenia from 25 weeks' gestation, hemodialysis was performed three times a week. Unfortunately intra-uterine fetal death suddenly occurred at 30 weeks' gestation, and maternal right perirenal hematoma was diagnosed after delivery. The anemia and thrombocytopenia improved dramatically and the perirenal hematoma resolved uneventfully by late puerperium. The management of severe maternal renal failure with HELLP syndrome is described.

[A case of alpha-fetoprotein producing embryonal carcinoma of the stomach].

A 67-year-old man with complaints of general malaise and epigastralgia was admitted to our hospital for further examination. Upper GI series and endoscopy showed advanced cancer, Borrmann type II; biopsy specimens revealed pathological pictures of malignancy. The serum alpha-fetoprotein values were remarkably high (473,000 ng/dl); the liver scintigram revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right lobe and the abdominal CT-scan showed ascites and lymphadenopathy of the abdominal para-aortic region. Therefore, double cancer of the stomach and the liver was suspected. The patient died in a state of hepatic coma with a rapid increase of jaundice, ascites and right pleural effusion at 3 weeks after admission despite the anti-cancer treatment. Autopsy revealed embryonal carcinoma with yolk sac tumor elements of stomach origin, extensive metastasis to the liver, lung, peritoneum, and portal vein. The peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique revealed that primary and secondary tumor cells produced alpha-fetoprotein.

A sex difference of the concentrations of gonadotropins, its subunits and sex steroids in cord veins.

In order to elucidate the sex difference of cord blood hormones, concentration of hCG, hCG-alpha, hCG-beta, hLH, hFSH, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) in cord veins were assayed by radioimmunoassays. Mean concentrations of cord vein hCG, hCG-alpha and hLH were significantly higher in female than in male, but those of hFSH and T were significantly higher in male than in female. Male and female cord vein levels of hCG-beta, E2 and P were not significantly different and hCG-beta and hFSh levels in cord veins at term are low in both sexes. These lower concentrations of hLH in male may be a result of the feedback inhibitory action by the higher concentrations of T in male at term. These data suggest a sex difference in the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland in the human foetus at term.