[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate: an autopsy case report].

An 83-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dysuria and backache. The patient had been treated with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue for 2 years. An enlarged, hard and nodular prostate was palpable on digital rectal examination. Serum level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 1.7 ng/ml (0-4) and that of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were 263.2 ng/ml (0-10). Multiple bone and liver metastases were seen on CT and MRI. After hospitalization, the liver function worsened markedly. The patient died on the 34th hospital day, and was diagnosed with primary small cell carcinoma of prostate on autopsy.

[Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): a case report].

A case of bladder squamous cell cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is reported. A 55-year-old female presented with macroscopic hematuria and urinary frequency. Cystoscopy demonstrated a large bladder tumor. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of abdomen and pelvis showed bladder muscular invasion, but did not reveal any metastasis. Laboratory examination showed leukocytosis of 23,600/mm3 and a high value of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 77 pg/ml in the peripheral blood. She was diagnosed with bladder tumor 52 months ago, but did not seek further medical attention. The leukocyte count at that point was 10,700/mm3. Radical cystectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical examination was positive for G-CSF. After surgery the leukocyte count and value of G-CSF in the peripheral blood decreased to the normal range. There has been no recurrence of cancer for 10 months after surgery without any adjuvant therapy.