[Evaluation of immunotherapy in breast cancer (stage III-IV) and in cancer of the corpus uteri (stage I-III)]. / Otsenka rezul'tatov immunokhimioterapii bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy (III-IV stadiia) i tela matki (I-III stadii).

A new clinically-tested procedure of adjuvant immunotherapy carried out in conjunction with anticoagulant treatment is discussed. Application of said method has significantly improved the short-term and end results of treatment of inoperable cases of breast cancer, stage III-IV, receiving chemotherapy and patients with cancer of corpus uteri, stage I-III, receiving combined therapy plus radiation.

[Effect of the preparation "Loshtak" on the clastogenic activity cyclophosphamide]. / Deistvie preparata "loshtak" na kalstogennuiu aktivnost' tsiklofosfana.

The anticlastogenic effect of the herbal preparation Loshtak on rats and mice was tested using the same scheme of treatment and doses of the preparation as are employed in medical practice. It was shown that intragastric administration of Loshtak results in a statistically significant decrease in the clastogenic effect of cyclophosphamide injected 48 h after the end of treatment with Loshtak. High doses of Loshtak did not induce any increase in the number of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells. Possible mechanisms responsible for the anticlastogenic effect of Loshtak are discussed.

[Effect of immunization of mice with human umbilical cord extract on micronucleus induction by cyclophosphane]. / Vliianie immunizatsii myshei ékstraktom pupoviny cheloveka na induktsiiu mikroiader tsiklofosfanom.

The influence of human umbilical cord extract (HUGE) on mutagenesis induces by cyclophosphamide in mice bone marrow cells was studied. It was shown that HUGE had no clastogenic property and decreased significantly the number of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of mice during 5 days after the last HUGE infection. We suppose that the antimutagenic effect is connected with interferon induction by HUGE.

[Blood coagulation disorders and tumor growth]. / Gemokoaguliatsionnye narusheniia i opukholevyi rost.

A relationship between blood coagulation system and tumor growth is discussed. The role of hemocoagulation disorders in the pathogenesis, dissemination and advancement of disease at molecular, cellular, body and population level is discussed on the basis of the authors' results and literature data. Rastr electron microscopy and immunofluorescent method revealed fibrin on the surface of tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro which is thought to play a masking and protective role. Studies of clotting and anticlotting factors in various subgroups of healthy subjects and patients with precancer and cancer revealed a steady-state increase in blood coagulability in cancer patients of old age. On these grounds, blood fibrinogen level was used for screening. Increased fibrinogen level was associated with higher tumor occurrence. The authors' concept of the pathogenetic role of the coagulation system in tumor growth provided a rationale for the use of direct and indirect anticoagulants in addition to cytotoxic drugs for breast, ovarian and gastric cancer. As a result, cytotoxic treatment was more effective and better tolerated.

[The antitumor effect of an extract of human umbilical cord]. / Protivoopukholevoe deistvie ékstrakta pupoviny chelovecheskogo ploda.

The study was concerned with the evaluation of effect of the extract of a human fetal organ, the umbilical cord, on development and growth of such transplantable tumors as Ehrlich's ascites tumor, sarcoma 37, sarcoma 180 and Zajdela's hepatoma as well as of dimethylbenzanthracene- and benzo(a)pyrene-induced cancer. In a subgroup of animals who had been vaccinated once or twice prior to inoculation of cells, a significant inhibition of growth of tumors of all the histologies except sarcoma 180 was observed alongside with a decrease in tumor incidence and partial resorption of ascitic fluid. Preliminary vaccination of rats interfered with dimethylbenzanthracene- and benzo(a)pyrene-induced carcinogenesis reducing tumor incidence and assuring longer latent period and slower progression of cancer.

[Development of a new approach to the pathogenetic therapy of oncological patients]. / Razrabotka kompleksnogo podkhoda k patogeneticheskoi terapii onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Basing on the current data and results of the author's own clinical and experimental studies the possibility to intensify the antitumoural resistivity of the organism was established. This may be performed due to demasking of tumour cells using fibrinolytic agents, selective inhibition of tumour cell division by keilons, tissue-specific inhibitors, and also by normalization of the interferon system function.

[The experience of the Armenian Republic Endoscopic Center in the active detection of tumors of the urinary system]. / Opyt Respublikanskogo éndoskopicheskogo tsentra po aktivnomu vyiavleniiu opukholei mochevydelitel'noi sistemy.

The results of screening for urinary tract tumors provided by the Republican Endoscopic Center are discussed. Groups at high risk for cancer were formed on the evidence of microhematuria. Cases of hematuria were referred to the endoscopic center for complex endoscopic, sonographic and morphological examination. Out of 575 patients at high risk, renal pathology was detected in 39.7% (tumors in 3.1% included) and urethral and bladder pathology--in 19.1% (benign and malignant tumors of the bladder in 4.4% included).

[Inhibiting effect of a chalone-containing extract of calf pancreatic tissue on the proliferative activity of normal and tumorous pancreatic cells in vitro and in vivo]. / Ingibiruiushchii éffekt keilonosoderzhashchego ékstrakta iz tkani podzheludochnoi zhelezy teliat na proliferativnuiu aktivnost' normal'nykh i opukholevykh kletok podzheludochnoi zhelezy in vitro i in vivo.

The pancreatic chalone has been studied for its effect on the proliferative activity and morphology of normal and tumour cells of the pancreas. These findings in experiments in vitro were confirmed by the data of the in vivo experiments. The results show that pancreatic chalone inhibits cell proliferation, decreases mitotic index and causes morphologic changes in cultivated pancreatic cells.

[Organization of republican endoscopic and cytologic centers for active screening of pretumor and tumor diseases of the cervical canal and corpus uteri]. / Organizatsiia respublikanskimi éndoskopicheskim i tsitologicheskim tsentrami aktivnogo vyiavleniia predopukholevykh i opukholevykh zabolevanii tservikal'nogo kanala i tela matki.

An experience with screening for precancerous lesions of the cervical canal and corpus uteri is discussed. Groups at risk and high risk for cancer were formed on the basis of the results of outpatient cytologic examination of aspirates obtained from the uterine cavity through a plastic catheter. Complex endoscopic, cytologic and histologic examination of females at high risk for cancer was performed at an endoscopic center. Precancerous lesions of the endometrium and cervical canal were detected in 20% whereas cancer--in 5.2% of screened persons.

[Suitability of fiberscopy of the upper respiratory tracts during esophagogastroduodenoscopy and bronchoscopy]. / O tselesoobraznosti fibroskopii verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei pri ézofagogastroduodenoskopii i bronkhoskopii.

Prophylactic fibroscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract was carried out in 1,201 patients, 1,038 of them being simultaneously subjected to fiber esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 163--to fiber bronchoscopy. Specimens for cytomorphologic examination were taken from 393 cases. In 18.2%, various pathology of the upper respiratory tract was found, including inflammation in 9.7%. The group at high risk for cancer included 2.9% of examinees. Malignancies were detected in 0.08%.

[Fibrocervicohysteroscopy in the diagnosis of cancer of the endometrium and cervical canal]. / Metod fibrotservikogisteroskopii v diagnostike raka éndometriia i tservikal'nogo kanala.

Fibrocervicohysteroscopy was performed in 152 patients in whom cancer of the endometrium or cervical canal was suspected. The said pathology was detected in 33 cases (21.7%). The basic advantages of the procedure described are as follows: (I) atraumatic nature assured by flexible operating part of the fibroscope, (2) clear visualization of the uterine cavity areas which are difficult of access, even in cases of pronounced organic lesions and deformity of the uterus, and (3) possibility of repeated biopsy from any part of the uterine mucosa.

[The Armenian SSR program of active screening for tumors of the digestive tract]. / Respublikanskaia programma aktivnogo vyiavleniia opukholevykh zabolevanii pishchevaritel'nogo trakta.

A procedure for identification of groups at high risk for GI tumors was introduced in polyclinics of the Armenian SSR. Complex examination of GI tract was conducted. A questionnaire, occult blood and peripheral blood fibrinogen tests were used in a population of 49,904. 6,663 subjects (13.4%) were examined endoscopically: esophagogastroduodenoscopy--4,997 and colonoscopy--1,666 cases. Malignant tumors of GI tract were detected in 0.1%, benign--in 0.5% of screenees.

[Various immunological and immunomorphological changes in patients with breast cancer after interferon administration]. / O nekotorykh immunologicheskikh i immunomorfologicheskikh sdvigakh u bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy pri vvedenii interferona.

The immunologic and immunomorphologic effect of native alpha-interferon eta phi-II Parenteral) in 12 patients with stage II breast cancer was studied. A preoperative course of interferon injected into tumor was found to induce local and general immunomodulating effect which suggested activation of cellular antitumor immunity.

[Formation of groups at high risk for stomach cancer based on cytologic studies of subjects with normal endoscopic pictures and with gastritis]. / Formirovanie grupp povyshennogo riska opukholevykh zabolevanii zheludka pri normal'noi éndoskopicheskoi kartine i gastritakh na osnovanii tsitologicheskogo issledovaniia.

Cytological examination of the endoscopically normal gastric mucosa and that in gastritis was carried out in 892 cases of dyspeptic complaints to form groups at high risk for stomach tumor. Biopsy material obtained with the aid of forceps for further preparation of smear-prints proved to suit the purposes of a cytologic study test. A group at high risk was formed by cases of pronounced epithelial proliferation and a combination of epithelial proliferation with gastric mucosal cell atypia. The group at high risk made up 16.5% of those with the endoscopically normal mucosa, 18.3% of cases of superficial gastritis, 21.4%--hemorrhagic gastritis, 26.4%--atrophic gastritis, 43.9%--hypertrophic gastritis and 69.9% of patients with anastomositis of the resected stomach.

[Proliferative response of HeLa and Hep2 cell lines to exogenous nucleotides]. / Proliferativni otvet kletok linii HeLa i Hep2 na ékzogennye nukleotidy.

Nucleotides cAMP, cUTP and beta NAD were tested for antiproliferative activity in HeLa and HEP2 cell cultures. The tests conducted at different stages of cell culturing established a relationship between the proliferative response of cells, on the one hand, and the dosage and time of injection of nucleotide into cell culture, on the other. In the cAMP series, the injection of a minimal dose at the time of inoculation was followed by inhibition of cell growth, as shown by the proliferative index. However, the maximum concentration of cAMP produced a pronounced stimulating effect on the cell growth of both lines. Neither cUTP nor beta NAD injected in the dose used in the study changed the proliferative activity of cells, as compared with control.

[Experimental data on the effect of chalone on tumor growth]. / Eksperimental'nye dannye o vliianii keilona na opukholevyi rost.

Hepatic chalone produced an inhibitory effect on Zajdela's hepatoma and was followed by a longer survival of the host, adrenaline potentiating that effect.

[Fibrin deposits on the surface of tumorous and normal cells]. / Ob otlozheniiakh fibrina na poverkhnosti opukholevykh i normal'nykh kletok.

The paper describes morphological changes of normal and tumor cells in the process of interaction with plasma fibrinogen. Comparative study shows significant difference between normal and neoplastic cells in their capacity to bind fibrin. Normal FL cells are characterized by a moderate or low fibrin binding, while tumor CaOv cells by a more intensive uptake of fibrin, which deposits both on the cell surface and in the intercellular spaces. This difference is more pronounced in a long-term cell incubation with fibrinogen.

[Cardiomyocyte dissociation as a distinctive form of myocardial lesion]. / Dissotsiatsiia kardiomiotsitov kak osobaia forma porazheniia miokarda.

Histologic and scanning electron-microscopic investigation of myocardium specimens from patients who had died of various diseases demonstrated cardiomyocyte dissociation which was more common for coronary heart disease accompanied by myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrillation. Consistent morphologic pattern and clinical manifestability of the process permit the establishment of cardiomyocyte dissociation as a specific form of myocardial affection.