RESUMO
A new study shows that expression of Tsix, an antisense Xist gene, can be controlled by imprinting, and that high Tsix activity during X inactivation can protect the future active X chromosome from silencing by Xist. Tsix and Xist seem to have a yin and yang relationship, with opposite effects on X inactivation.
Assuntos
Elementos Antissenso (Genética) , Mecanismo Genético de Compensação de Dose , Impressão Genômica/fisiologia , RNA não Traduzido/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Cromossomo X/metabolismo , Zigoto/fisiologia , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante , Cromossomo X/genéticaRESUMO
A generalizable, computerized method has been designed to describe in detail interactive events that occur within phases of a process involving two or more interactants. The objectives of the method are: (A) visual discernment of patterns of events within and across phases through graphically displayed data and (B) summarization of events within phases for comparison of events across phases. Stages of the implementation of these objectives are illustrated with data obtained from observations of mother-infant feeding interaction. The method provides a means for an investigator to structure the exploration of patterns of behaviors in the context of the social activity in which the behaviors occur and to develop hypotheses about the data.
Assuntos
Gráficos por Computador , Comportamento Alimentar , Relações Mãe-Filho , Avaliação em Enfermagem , Validação de Programas de Computador , Nível de Alerta , Sinais (Psicologia) , Feminino , Objetivos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Gravação de VideoteipeAssuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Confusão/etiologia , Fraturas do Quadril/psicologia , Idoso , Confusão/enfermagem , Confusão/psicologia , Medo , Alucinações/enfermagem , Fraturas do Quadril/enfermagem , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Ilusões/enfermagem , Imobilização , Avaliação em EnfermagemRESUMO
The extent to which the incidence of postoperative acute confusional states could be reduced in elderly (greater than or equal to age 60) patients with hip fractures was tested. Interpersonal and environmental nursing interventions were carried out with 57 patients on orthopedic units in three hospitals. The incidence of confusion was reduced from 51.5% in the comparison group (n = 170) to 43.9%. Analysis that controlled for risk factors in the two groups showed the drop in incidence to be significant (p less than .02). The most effective interventions appeared to be those that provided orientation and clarification, corrected sensory deficit, and increased continuity of care.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/enfermagem , Confusão/enfermagem , Fraturas do Quadril/enfermagem , Idoso , Confusão/epidemiologia , Confusão/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Fraturas do Quadril/complicações , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Período Pós-Operatório , RiscoRESUMO
Development of two models for predicting acute confusional states in elderly post-surgical hip-fracture patients is described. Admission variables were used in the first model to predict confusion in the first five postoperative days; treatment and clinical progress data were added for the second model to predict on a day-to-day basis. The main sample was 170 patients from four hospitals (M age = 78.8) with no prior history of mental impairment. Over half (51.5%) evidenced some confusion postoperatively. Three variables were significant in the admission model: age, errors on a mental status test, and level of pre-injury activity. Age and test errors remained significant in the daily model and urine elimination problems were added, but the strongest predictor was the previous day's confusion score. When that effect was removed, pain, narcotics, and mobility emerged as important predictors. Validity testing suggested that the three admission factors were core predictors of acute confusional states.
