A Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Green OLED with 4500 h Lifetime and 20% External Quantum Efficiency by Optimizing the Emission Zone using a Single-Emission Spectrum Technique.

Device optimization of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) targets the most efficient conversion of electrically injected charges into emitted light. The emission zone in an LED is where charges recombine and light is emitted from. It is believed that the emission zone is strongly linked to device efficiency and lifetime. However, the emission zone size is below the optical diffraction limit, so it is difficult to measure. An accessible method based on a single emission spectrum that enables emission zone measurements with sub-second time resolution is shown. A procedure is introduced to study and control the emission zone of an LED system and correlate it with device performance. A thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic LED emission zone is experimentally measured over all luminescing current densities, while varying the device structure and while ageing. The emission zone is shown to be finely controlled by emitter doping because electron transport via the emitter is the charge-transport bottleneck of the system. Suspected quenching/degradation mechanisms are linked with the emission zone changes, device structure variation, and ageing. Using these findings, a device with an ultralong 4500 h T95 lifetime at 1000 cd m-2 with 20% external quantum efficiency is shown.

Achieving highly efficient simple-emission layer fluorescence/phosphorescence hybrid white organic light-emitting devices via effective confinement of triplets.

Achieving high efficiencies in simple device configurations is a long-standing and meaningful target for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Herein, by utilizing an efficient blue-violet fluorophor (CzS1) that has a high triplet energy of 2.62 eV, the significance of effective confinement of the green triplets in fluorescence/phosphorescence hybrid white devices (F/P-WOLEDs) that have highly simplified emission layers (EMLs) containing only RGB emitters was demonstrated. The non-p-i-n warm-white device exhibited excellent performance with a maximum forward power efficiency high up to 42.1 lm W(-1), and maintaining at 26.3 lm W(1-) at a practical luminance of 1000 cd m(-2).

A versatile triphenylamine/fluoranthene-based derivative as a nondoped green-emitting, hole-transporting interlayer for electroluminescent devices.

A new triphenylamine-bridged fluoranthene derivative, 4-(7,10-diphenylfluoranthen-8-yl)-N-[4-(7,10-diphenylfluoranthen-8-yl)phenyl]-N-phenylaniline (BDPFPA), with a high glass transition temperature of 220 °C has been synthesized and characterized. BDPFPA is a highly fluorescent and versatile material that can be used as a nondoped green emitter and as a hole transporter. BDPFPA was used in a standard trilayer device as the emitting layer, which showed a low turn-on voltage (<3 V) and a high efficiency of 11.6 cd A(-1). The device also shows little efficiency roll-off at high brightness. For example, the efficiency can still be maintained at 11.4 cd A(-1) (5.4 lm W(-1)) at a brightness of 10,000 cd m(-2). These results are among the best reported for nondoped fluorescent green organic light-emitting diodes. A simple bilayer device, in which BDPFPA serves as a hole-transporting layer, has a maximum power efficiency of 3.3 lm W(-1) and the performance is nearly 40 % higher than that of an N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'- diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB)-based standard device.