RESUMO
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to increased mortality in pulmonary fibrosis. Its key feature, chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), can lead to oxidative stress and inflammation, known to lead to fibrotic pathology in other organs. We tested the effects of CIH in an animal model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Sprague Dawley rats were instilled intratracheally with bleomycin (Blm) or saline (Sal), and exposed to CIH or normal air (Norm) for 9 or 30 days. Pulmonary function was tested and lungs were harvested for histological and molecular analyses. In Blm-treated animals, 30days of CIH compared to Norm increased total lung collagen content (p=0.008) and reduced Quasi-static lung compliance (p=0.04). CIH upregulated lipid peroxidation and increased NF-κB activation, IL-17 mRNA and Col1α1 mRNA expression. Our results indicate that following Blm-induced lung injury, CIH amplifies collagen deposition via oxidative and inflammatory pathways, culminating in stiffer lungs. Thus, OSA may augment fibrosis in patients with interstitial lung disease.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Bleomicina/toxicidade , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Análise de Variância , Animais , Colágeno/genética , Colágeno/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Masculino , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fatores de Tempo , Quinase Induzida por NF-kappaBRESUMO
We describe the application of PCR and electrospray-ionization with mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to culture-negative bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in order to identify septate hyphae noted by Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining of the fluid that was obtained from an immunocompromised woman with neutropenia following induction chemotherapy for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The patient was treated with empirical antifungal therapy, including intrathecal amphotericin B, while results of fungal cultures were pending. Ultimately, Aspergillus terreus, an amphotericin-resistant mold, was cultured from bilateral brain abscesses. PCR/ESI-MS correctly identified the mold.
