The Effect of Yoga on Anxiety, Attention and Social-Emotional Symptoms in Preschool Children: A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a short yoga session on behavioral and cognitive outcomes in preschool children. 72 children ages 4-6 from a local preschool were divided into an intervention group (n = 32), and a control group (n = 40) that completed a 15 min, age-appropriate yoga video consisting of interactive poses including: sun salutation, cat, cow, downward dog, upward dog, warrior, gorilla, etc. Three teacher-rated questionnaires and a cancellation task (Cx) were administered pre-intervention and post-intervention. Significant improvement was demonstrated in the yoga group on the teacher-rated questionnaire scores, but not the control group. Correct cancellations increased more in the yoga group compared to the control group, with remaining cancellation metrics demonstrating interaction effects. Findings indicated that a short yoga session improves measures of anxiety, social-emotional behavior, and attention in preschool children. This study suggests that a short 15-minute yoga session may improve behavior and attention in preschool children.

A structural invariance analysis of the acceptance model of intuitive eating across black, hispanic, and white young-adult women.

In this cross-sectional study, structural invariance of the acceptance model of intuitive eating was examined between a sample of Black (n = 420), Hispanic (n = 420), and White (n = 435) cisgender women between the ages of 18-30 years old residing in the United States. Mean age for the total sample (n = 1275) was 24.17 years old (SD = 3.65). Women were recruited via Qualtrics Sampling, and self-report measures were administered online. Multigroup analyses were employed within a structural equation modeling framework, and measurement invariance at the configural, metric, scalar, and strict/residual levels was investigated first. After uncovering and accounting for several error variances that were non-invariant, multigroup structural invariance analyses indicated that paths within the model were invariant across the three ethnicities of women. BMI was also incorporated into the model, which, likewise, showed invariance in its associations with specific constructs. With due cautions related to the impact of cultural ideals regarding appearance and the interplay of ethnicity and body-related experiences among women, these results provide preliminary evidence that the model may apply to Black, White, and Hispanic women in the U.S.

Measurement invariance of the Broad Conceptualization of Beauty Scale (BCBS) across Black, Hispanic, and White women in the United States.

The Broad Conceptualization of Beauty Scale (BCBS) assesses the degree to which women perceive diverse appearances and internal qualities as being beautiful. Although the instrument is increasingly used in diverse national and linguistic contexts, no previous study has examined measurement invariance of the BCBS across racial groups. To rectify this, we asked 395 Black, 406 Hispanic, and 423 White women from the United States to complete the BCBS. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a unidimensional model of BCBS scores had poor fit to the data in the total sample, but freely estimating error covariances between six pairs of items resulted in adequate fit. Additionally, full configural and scalar invariance was supported, but metric invariance was not, with further testing indicating that the item loading for one item differed across groups. Comparison of latent means indicated that all between-groups comparisons in BCBS scores were non-significant. However, medium-sized group differences in BCBS scores emerged once group differences in key demographics were controlled for. Overall, these results suggest that the BCBS largely achieves measurement invariance across Black, Hispanic, and White women in the United States, suggestive of similarity in how the construct of broad conceptualisation of beauty is understood and experienced.

Modeling the associations between internal body orientation, body appreciation, and intuitive eating among early-adult and middle-adult men and women: A multigroup structural invariance analysis.

This cross-sectional study investigated the associations among internal body orientation, body appreciation, intuitive eating, age, and BMI in men and women between 30 and 70 years old as delineated in the acceptance model of intuitive eating. Self-report measures were administered to a final sample of 522 individuals consisting of early-adult men (ages 30-44; n = 153), middle-adult men (ages 45-70; n = 108), early-adult women (ages 30-44; n = 135), and middle-adult women (ages 45-70; n = 126). Overall mean age was 45.03 (SD = 10.95). Structural equation modeling evidenced that, for both age groups of men and women, internal body orientation was positively associated with body appreciation and body appreciation was positively associated with intuitive eating. Internal body orientation was positively associated with intuitive eating in each group, except early-adult women. The associations among age and BMI with the aforementioned variables were inconsistent. Although evidencing measurement non-invariance among a number of parameters, multigroup structural invariance analyses showed that the associations among internal body orientation, body appreciation, intuitive eating, age, and BMI were invariant across each gender and age. These results further confirm components of the acceptance model of intuitive eating among men and women in early-adulthood and middle-adulthood.

The Associations Between Instagram Use, Selfie Activities, Appearance Comparison, and Body Dissatisfaction in Adult Men.

This study investigated whether appearance comparison on Instagram mediated the association between Instagram use and body dissatisfaction among adult men. In addition, this study investigated whether selfie manipulation mediated the associations between (a) selfie posting and body dissatisfaction and (b) selfie investment and body dissatisfaction. The final sample of men (n = 348) between the ages of 18 and 50 (M = 31.04; standard deviation = 6.38) completed several self-report measures online, after being recruited through Mechanical Turk. A linear regression with mediation utilizing bootstrapping was employed to explore hypotheses. Results indicated that appearance comparison on Instagram mediated the association between Instagram use and body dissatisfaction such that Instagram use was positively associated with appearance comparison, which was in turn positively associated with body dissatisfaction. Also, results evidenced that selfie manipulation mediated the associations between (a) selfie posting and body dissatisfaction and (b) selfie investment and body dissatisfaction. Selfie posting and selfie investment were both positively associated with selfie manipulation, which was positively associated with body dissatisfaction. A unique suppression effect emerged such that, contrary to previous research, selfie posting was positively associated with body dissatisfaction when selfie manipulation was not included in the model. However, when selfie manipulation was included in the model, the association between selfie posting and body dissatisfaction was negative. Results are discussed in terms of the potential importance of selfie manipulation in the association between selfie posting and body dissatisfaction in men. Results are also discussed by highlighting the rates of Instagram use in men, the concerning paucity of research on men within this domain, and highlighting similarities with past research in women.