[The role of lipids and lipoproteins in acute pancreatitis]. / Rola lipidów i lipoprotein w rozwoju ostrego zapalenia trzustki.

The aim of this work is to evaluate acute pancreatitis (AP) including specially role of lipid's and lipoprotein's metabolism disorders. On the ground of actually literature we take up studies to answer for the question: lipid's and lipoprotein's metabolism disorders are the cause or the effect of AP, or whether they are a phenomenon taking place independently on the disease? Our analysis indicate an immediate relation between lipid's metabolism and acute pancreatitis, but don't permit to table univocals motions. To this it's necessary removal examinations on the large and various group of patients with acute pancreatitis.

[Lipid metabolism disorders in acute pancreatitis]. / Zaburzenia metabolizmu lipidów w ostrym zapaleniu trzustki.

On the course of acute pancreatitis which occurred in 30 patients treated in our clinic changes in cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids levels were monitored during 7 days of hospitalization taking into account the severity and aetiology of disease. The decrease of cholesterol and phospholipids levels were observed in 3-rd and 7-th day of hospitalization. TGs concentrations however showed variability regarding aetiology and severity of acute pancreatitis lack of mentioned above lipid levels changes before the disease onset as well as their rapid normalization with healing suggest, that they are rather a consequence not a cause of acute pancreatitis.

[Levels of alpha-amylase, C-reactive protein and lipoprotein (a) in acute pancreatitis]. / Przydatnosc oznaczania alpha-amylazy trzustkowej, bialka C-reaktywnego i lipoproteiny (a) w okreslaniu ciezkosci przebiegu ostrego zapalenia trzustki.

On the course of acute pancreatitis which occurred in 30 patients treated in our clinic changes in levels of alpha-amylase, C-reactive protein and lipoprotein (a) were monitoring during 7 days of hospitalisation talking into account the severity and aetiology of disease. The highest level of the alpha-amylase were observed in 1-st day, C-reactive protein in 3-rd day and lipoprotein (a) in 7-th day of observation. These parameters are very useful to monitoring course and heaviness of acute pancreatitis.

[Inflammatory mediators in the acute pancreatitis]. / Mediatory procesu zapalnego w ostrym zapaleniu trzustki.

During the last few years attention has been focused on an important role of inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology and systemic complications of acute pancreatitis. The present study deals with those of the mediators which have shown demonstrable activity in the course of pancreatitis, e.g. acute-phase proteins (among others C-reactive protein and alpha-1-antitrypsin) and neutrophil elastase (PMN-elastase) as the marker for granulocyte activity. The activity of cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1, of alpha-cachectin (TNF alpha), as well as of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and the trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP), was discussed.

[Proinflammatory cytokines with free oxygen radicals in septic syndrome]. / Wspóldzialanie cytokin prozapalnych z wolnymi rodnikami tlenowymi w zespole septycznym.

In this paper authors presented the advantages of measuring the fibronectin levels in several diseases occurring during the pregnancy. They established usefulness of evaluating the fibronectin concentration in premature rupture of the amniotic membranes, preterm delivery, postdate pregnancy, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth retardation.

Release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and its soluble receptor p55 in clinical septic syndrome.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha, cachectine) attracts much clinical interest when it looses its primary immune properties and, in the septic syndrome, initiates its destructive activity against host tissues. Behaviour of TNF-alpha and p55, its soluble receptor (sTNF-R p55), was studied in 50 patients with septic syndrome. Their clinical state was assessed by means of the APACHE II score. Group I consisted of 23 patients who had survived the infection. Twenty seven patients (54%) died, constituting group II. The concentrations of TNF-alpha and sTNF-R p55 were determined according to the ELISA method. The obtained results were referred to the severity of the patients' clinical state, their survival rate, the number of lactates and the quantity of the C-reactive protein in blood and the number of blood platelets and neutrophils. It has been documented that in septic syndrome patients with poor prognosis the concentration of TNF-alpha rises, together with a similar decrease of sTNF-R p55 concentration. This relationship is very important for the prognosis in septic syndrome.

Pathogenesis and treatment of multiorgan failure dysfunction syndrome in shock.

Pathogenesis and treatment of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) have been presented, basing on literature and own experience. The term multiple organ dysfunction syndrome--MODS is now regarded to be the most accurate. The classification and the pathogenesis of primary and secondary MODS are discussed. In the primary MODS causes are to be looked for in the extensive injuries of tissues, hypoxia and the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. In the secondary MODS, because of the effects of other deteriorative factors, the systemic infection response syndrome (SIRS) appears. The course of this reaction has been discussed, pointing the attention to the effects of proinflammatory cytokins (mainly TNF alpha), then to the role of neutrophils and the intestinal translocation. Various approaches to the prevention and treatment of MODS are presented. In the primary MODS very important is an appropriate tissue perfusion restoration and elimination of necrotic tissue. In the secondary MODS there are new ways of treatment. Used are: monoclonal antibodies, antioxidants, inhibitors of cytokins and proteases, hemofiltration, selective bowel decontamination. Enteral nutrition, if possible--provides not only the supply of food substrates but it may also inhibit cytokin release, decrease translocation and improves hemodynamics. The prognosis in MODS is still very serious, however, its improvement is to be regarded after the application of new therapeutic methods.

[Risk of alloimmunization in the granulocyte concentrate recipient]. / Ryzyko alloimmunizacji biorcy koncentratu granulocytarnego.

Forty five patients with diffused peritonitis, complicated with septic shock and neutropenia, have been analysed. Granulocyte concentrate has been administered to 25 patients with negative results of tests detecting lymphocytotoxic and leuko-agglutinin antibodies. Such antibodies have been detected in 35.5% of all patients. These patients have not received granulocyte concentrate. During a 20-day follow up period, antibodies have been produced in 20% of granulocyte concentrate recipients. No signs of alloimmunisation have been noted in 49% of patients with severe peritonitis during the whole follow up period. Non-hemolytic symptoms after transfusions have been seen in 40% of granulocyte recipients and accompanied 16% of all transfusions. No correlation with the symptoms of alloimmunisation was noted.

[Preliminary results of studies of the incidence, causes and effects of occupational accidents in the Belchatow Industrial District. I. Direct causes of occupational accidents]. / Wstepne wyniki badan nad czestoscia przyczynami i skutkami wypadków przy pracy w Belchatowskim Okreegu Przemyslowym. Czesc I. Bezposrednie przyczyny wypadków Przy pracy.

The work has been aimed at an analysis of accidents at work occurring throughout 1981-1982 at the Belchatów Industrial District. The most common causes of accidents at work have been direct factors resulting mainly from workers' inadvertence or recklessness, improper performance of occupational tasks, lack of appropriate tools, and settlement of private affairs at work. The incidence of accidents at work might be reduced by compliance with safety-and-hygiene-of-work rules, better supervision, work organization and efficient working tools.

[Preliminary results of studies on the incidence, causes and effects of accidents at work in the Belchatów Industrial District. II. Indirect causes of accidents at work]. / Wstepne wyniki badan nad czestoscia, przyczynami i skutkami wypadków prazy pracy w Belchatowskim Okregu Przemyslowym. II. Posrednie przyczyny wypadków przy pracy.

The work is a continuation of studies of accidents at work at the Belchatów Industrial District. Analysed have been indirect factors causing accidents at work. Those factors were found to cause accidents much more often than the direct ones. They are particularly significant for young workers. The season, month, day of month, consecutive working hour and climate did not significantly affect the frequency of accidents.

[Preliminary results of studies on the incidence, causes and effects of occupational accidents in the Belchatów Industrial Region. III. Health effects of occupational accidents]. / Wstepne wyniki badan nad czestoscia, przyczynami i skutkami wypadków przy pracy w Belchatowskim Okregu Przemyslowym. Czesc III. Medyczne skutki wypadków przy pracy.

Health effects of accidents at work at the Belchatów Industrial District have been investigated. Most injuries due to accidents have been bruises, wounds and bone fractures of upper and lower limbs. Much less frequent, as compared to other industrial plants, are injuries of head, chest and abdomen. The causes of those injuries have been discussed. In addition, the activities of occupational health services have been analysed.