The effect of iron sulfate nanoparticles and their fortified bread on Wistar rats and human cell lines.

BACKGROUND: Ferrous sulfate nanoparticles (FSNPs) were synthesized and characterized to mitigate the undesirable effects of ferrous sulfate bulk particles (FSBPs) as a supplement or fortificant in health/food industries. METHODS: The toxicity of FSNPs and FSBPs was evaluated against AGS, PLC/PRF/5, and HGF1-PI 1 cell lines. Then, Wistar rats were fed three levels of FSNPs and FSBPs fortified-bread. Growth performance, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes in treated rats were assessed after 21 days. RESULTS: High concentrations of FSNPs (3.125 and 6.25 mM) increased the necrosis of AGS cells. A low level of FSNPs (1.57 mM) did not affect the viability of cells after 72 h. Fibroblasts did not show apoptosis and necrosis after exposing 1.57 mM of FSNPs. In rats, 9 mg elemental iron of FSNPs/day enhanced hemoglobin, PCV, and ferritin values and increased the body weight gain (p < 0.05). FSNPs fortified-bread induced no clinical symptom or histopathological lesion in rats. CONCLUSION: FSNPs affect cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that FSNPs at the low level do not have adverse effects on normal fibroblasts and rats. Significant weight gain in rats having a low level of FSNPs compared to the FSBPs indicates the negligible toxicity of FSNPs at low concentrations.

Occurrence of Laminosioptes cysticola mite in broiler poultry and proposed solutions to prevent infestation.

Native poultry is among the most important sources of meat and protein supply in Iran that has long been bred in various regions. Internal and external parasites are the main reasons for their reduced growth and production. Laminosioptes cysticola is a cystic mite that is mostly found in the subcutaneous layer and surface of muscles of several birds. It can rarely cause lesions in other organs such as abdomen, lungs and peritoneum. The life cycle of L. cysticola has not been known completely yet, but after hatchery, the whole life cycle would be passed in the subcutaneous layer or on muscles. In the present study, 400 pieces of native chicken in the north Sistan-Baluchestan and Kerman provinces are monitored over 3 years for infestation with L. cysticola mites and its prevalence is determined (2.75%). Considering the infestation with this parasite in the southeast of the country (and probably in the remaining poultry), spraying and disinfection of chicken runs are recommended. This is the first report on the prevalence of this parasite in Iran.