[Generation of a pulsatile flow in the arterial blood line of an artificial circulation apparatus]. / Obespechenie pul'siruiushchego potoka v arterial'noi magistrali apparata iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniia.

A new type of a ventricle pump incorporated in an arterial blood line of the artificial circulation device has been designed. A poor pulsatile flow generated by the artificial circulation system is transformed by the pump into one characterized by marked fluctuations. It may be synchronized with heart cycle phases, if necessary. Basic principles of the method as well as the circuit of the device and its arrangement within the artificial circulation system are considered.

[Relationship between the oscillatory contractions and myocardial tonus in patients with heart defects]. / Vzaimootnosheniia mezhdu ostsilliatsiiami sokrashchenii i tonosom v miokarde bol'nykh s porokami serdtsa.

Interplay between contraction oscillations and the tone that is seen during rhythmic stimulation was studied in atrial trabeculae of patients with heart diseases. It was disclosed that in 50% of myocardial preparations from patients with rheumatic heart diseases, an increase in the tone (incomplete relaxation) and oscillations appeared at a frequency of 0.2 HZ. As the frequency was raised, the amplitude of the oscillations and the tone increased. Meanwhile in 25% of the preparations the appearance of the oscillations was not followed by the tone rise. In the remaining preparations, the tone and oscillations were not recorded. No growth of the tone or oscillations was commonly seen in the myocardium of patients with congenital heart diseases. Appearance of low-amplitude oscillations in some of the myocardial preparations from this group of patients occurred at a frequency of 1-2 HZ and was not accompanied by the tone rise. Catecholamines (noradrenaline, izadrin, dopamine) increased the amplitude of evoked contractions but did not change or even reduced the amplitude of oscillations. It is assumed that catecholamines effects are determined by concurrent enhancement of the ingoing Ca current and sequestration of Ca ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (as a result of the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system activation). Strophanthine suppresses the Na-K pump and leads to the accumulation by the myoplasma of Na ions which are exchanged for external Ca. As a result, the Ca concentration in the myoplasma and sarcoplasmic reticulum increases. The ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to effective Ca sequestration from the myoplasma correspondingly falls.

[Effect of cooling on rhythmo-inotropic relations in pathologically altered myocardium]. / Vliianie okhlazhdeniia na ritmo-inotropnye otnosheniia v patologicheski izmenennom miokarde.

Fragments of the right atrium auricle from patients with congenital and acquired heart diseases were used to study the effect of the Tyrode solution temperature over the 60-minute cessation of electrical stimulation of the preparations on the recovery of the amplitude of rhythmic contractions after the pause. The lack of stimulation within 34 to 24 degrees C does not lower the contraction amplitude after warming of the preparations and renewal of rhythmic stimulation. The hypothermal pause at a temperature of 10-14 degrees C leads to the development of contractures and suppresses the myocardial contractility. The positive inotropic action of dopamin (1.10(-6) g/ml), isadrin (1.10(-7) g/ml) and strophanthine (1.10(-6) g/ml) on the myocardium in patients with acquired heart diseases is remarkably diminished after the hypothermal pause.

[Mechanical oscillations in the pathologically altered myocardium]. / Issledovanie mekhanicheskikh ostsilliatsii v patologicheski izmennom miokarde.

In pathologically altered myocardium (auricles) of patients with acquired heart diseases, there have been found mechanical oscillations of the tone which occurred after basic contracture induced by electrical stimulation. The oscillations were recorded at a normal ionic composition of Tyrode solution and a temperature of 32-34 degrees C. No mechanical oscillations were normally observed in the myocardium of patients with congenital heart diseases. It was shown that oscillations might affect the time course of the frequency-power curves.

[Pulmonary artery aneurysm]. / Anevrizma legochnoi arterii.

The article is concerned with the questions of etiology, pathogenesis and classification of the aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Two cases observed by the authors are described. A 38-year-old patient had idiopathic aneurysm of the trunk and the right pulmonary artery. During the operation the right pulmonary artery was enveloped by a vascular prosthesis and a partial dissection of aneurysm of the pulmonary artery trunk was performed. In the second patient the aneurysm accompanied a mild valvular pulmonary stenosis. The patient was operated upon to liquidate pulmonary stenosis and to partially dissect the aneurysm. The both patients were discharged in a satisfactory condition. The authors point to a potential danger of the aneurysm of the pulmonary artery which can rupture and result in fatal hemorrhage.

[Diagnosis of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome in the heart surgery clinic by echocardiography]. / Diagnostika sindroma prolapsa mitral'nogo klapana v kardiokhirurgicheskoi klinike metodom ékhokardiografii.

The findings of echocardiography in 12 patients with prolapse of the mitral valve are correlated with the clinical and angiocardiographic data and the results of catheterization of the heart cavities. The characteristic symptoms of prolapse of the mitral valve are described.