RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study compared common psychological symptoms and life satisfaction in husbands and wives according to infertility diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted this cross-sectional study on 248 infertile couples between November 1, 2014 and February 28, 2015 at Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran. Participants answered three questionnaires. First, they completed a demographic questionnaire followed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, 14-item self-report instrument) composed of two sub-scales: anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). Participants also completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLWS) comprised of 5 items. Both our questionnaires were validated for the Iranian population. RESULTS: In couples with male factor infertility, wives had a significantly higher mean score for anxiety compared to their husbands (P<0.001). When the cause of infertility was female factor, the wives appeared significantly more anxious (P<0.001) and depressed (P=0.004) than their husbands. Male patients, those with unknown and female factors, expressed greater satisfaction with life compared to other male patients (P=0.022). Significantly greater depression existed among the couples in which the wives' educational levels was above their husbands (P=0.045). CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that when the infertility etiology was male factor, female factors or unexplained, wives showed significantly higher anxiety than their husbands. In couples diagnosed with female factor infertility, wives showed significantly more depression than their husbands.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Preterm delivery is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Nowadays, a new sonographic marker is suggested for prediction of preterm delivery which is termed "Cervical Gland Area" (CGA). Absence of normal mucosal glands of the cervix can be utilized as a predictor in preterm delivery. This study was performed to evaluate the role of absence of CGA for the prediction of preterm delivery <37 weeks. METHODS: Trans-vaginal ultrasonography was performed on 600 pregnant women at 16-19 weeks of gestational age. Cervical gland area and cervical length were evaluated. Women with cervical length <25 mm were conducted to cerclage and excluded from the study. Age, number of pregnancies and history of previous preterm deliveries were recorded in questionnaires. The date of delivery was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by version 18 SPSS and P value <0.05 was significant. RESULTS: Spontaneous preterm delivery was seen in 6.7% of all women. There was no significant difference in age, cervical length, the number of pregnancies and history of previous preterm deliveries between term pregnancies and preterm cases. CGA was detected in 77.1% of term pregnancies comparing with 55% in preterm group; which was significantly different (P value = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Non detection of CGA at second trimester ultrasonography is a predictor of preterm delivery.
