Potential antiplatelet agents with grape seed - backbone polyphenols: computational studies.

The study focused on grape seed-derived polyphenols for their antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and fibrinolytic properties through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Compounds were evaluated for their effects on P2Y12, PTP1B, thromboxane A2, and other targets. Compounds 1 and 6 showed strong inhibitory potential on P2Y12. Compounds 2 and 7, plus epigallocatechin gallate, demonstrated effective inhibition on NF-KB and COX1. The compounds exhibited drug-like properties and potential for new thrombotic disease therapies. The research sheds light on the interactions between polyphenols and target proteins, paving the way for novel antiplatelet strategies.

Lower mortality in distal femoral fractures in the presence of a knee arthroplasty: an observational study on 2,725 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Distal femoral fractures (DFF) in older patients have mortality rates comparable to fractures of the proximal femur. An ageing population combined with an increasing number of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will make periprosthetic distal femoral fractures (pDFF) more common. We investigated whether a pre-existing TKA influences mortality rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients ≥ 60 years registered in the Swedish Fracture Register with a DFF sustained between March 20, 2011 and December 31, 2020 were included. The study cohort comprised 2,725 patients, of which 650 had a pDFF. Unadjusted 90-day and 1-year mortality was estimated via Kaplan-Meier survival curves. A Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, and treatment modality was used to investigate the association between DFF or pDFF and mortality. RESULTS: Mean age was 80 years and 82% were females. The most common injury mechanism was a simple fall (75%). The pDFF and DFF group were similar with regards to age, sex, and trauma mechanism. Unadjusted 90-day and 1-year mortality was 11% (95% CI 10-12) and 21% (CI 19-23), respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a slightly lower mortality for pDFFs, especially in patients ≤ 70 years. The Cox regression model showed a lower hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in the pDFF group (HR 0.82, CI 0.71-0.94). INTERPRETATION: In a large cohort of patients ≥ 60 years with a distal femoral fracture, mortality rates at 90 days and 1 year post-injury were 11% and 21%, respectively. Periprosthetic fractures were associated with a lower mortality.

Peri-implant femoral fractures in hip fracture patients treated with osteosynthesis: a retrospective cohort study of 1965 patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are few studies on incidence rates, treatment and outcomes for peri-implant femoral fractures (PIFF) in the proximity of osteosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of PIFF following osteosynthesis of proximal femoral fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study comprised a consecutive series of hip fracture patients aged 50 years or older and operated with osteosynthesis between 2003 and 2015. Patients were followed-up until 2018, removal of implants or death, for a mean of 4 years (range 0-15). Data on age, sex, housing, hip complications, and reoperations were recorded. The risk of PIFFs was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. In patients with two fractures during the study period, only the first fracture was included. RESULTS: A total of 1965 osteosynthesis procedures were performed, of which 382 were cephalomedullary nails (CMN), 933 sliding hip devices (SHD) and 650 pins. Mean age was 80 years (range 50-104), 65% of patients were women. A total of 41 PIFFs occurred during the study period. The cumulative incidence of peri-implant fractures was 0.8% for CMN, 2.7% (HR 2.995% CI, 0.87-9.6, p = 0.08) for SHD and 2.0% (HR 2.3 95% CI, 0.6-8.1, p = 0.2) for pins. PIFFs occurred after a mean of 27 months (range 0-143). The 1-year mortality was 34% following PIFF. The majority was treated surgically (66%, 27/41) and the reoperation rate was 15% (4/27). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort study, in contrast to previous reports, we found a tendency to a higher cumulative incidence of PIFFs for SHD compared to modern CMN. Our results show cumulative incidences of PIFFs comparable to those described for periprosthetic femur fractures after hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture.

Increased risk for postoperative periprosthetic fracture in hip fracture patients with the Exeter stem than the anatomic SP2 Lubinus stem.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the cumulative incidence of postoperative periprosthetic fracture (PPF) in a cohort of femoral neck fracture (FNF) patients treated with two commonly used cemented stems: either a collarless, polished, tapered Exeter stem or the anatomic Lubinus SP2 stem. METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter cohort study of a consecutive series of patients, we included 2528 patients of age 60 years and above with an FNF who were treated with either hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty using either a polished tapered Exeter stem or an anatomic Lubinus SP2 stem. The incidence of PPF was assessed at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of PPF was assessed at a median follow-up of 47 months postoperatively. Thirty nine patients (1.5%) sustained a PPF at a median of 27 months (range 0-96 months) postoperatively. Two of the operatively treated fractures were Vancouver A (5%), 7 were Vancouver B1 (18%), 10 were Vancouver B2 (26%), 7 were Vancouver B3 (18%), and 13 were Vancouver C (32%). The cumulative incidence of PPF was 2.3% in the Exeter group compared with 0.7% in the SP2 group (p < 0.001). The HR was 5.4 (95% CI 2.4-12.5, p < 0.001), using the SP2 group as the denominator. CONCLUSIONS: The Exeter stem was associated with a higher risk for PPF than the Lubinus SP2 stem. We suggest that the tapered Exeter stem should be used with caution in the treatment of FNF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT03326271).

Reduced periprosthetic fracture rate when changing from a tapered polished stem to an anatomical stem for cemented hip arthroplasty: an observational prospective cohort study with a follow-up of 2 years.

Background and purpose - Straight collarless polished tapered stems have been linked to an increased risk for periprosthetic femur fractures in comparison with anatomically shaped stems, especially in elderly patients. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of an orthopedic department's full transition from the use of a cemented collarless, polished, tapered stem to a cemented anatomic stem on the cumulative incidence of postoperative periprosthetic fracture (PPF). Patients and methods - This prospective single-center cohort study comprises a consecutive series of 1,077 patients who underwent a cemented hip arthroplasty using either a collarless polished tapered stem (PTS group, n = 543) or an anatomic stem (AS group, n = 534). We assessed the incidence of PPF 2 years postoperatively and used a Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, ASA class, cognitive impairment, BMI, diagnosis, and surgical approach for outcome analysis. Results - Mean age at primary surgery was 82 years (49-102), 73% of the patients were female, and 75% underwent surgery for a femoral neck fracture. The PPF rate was lowered from 3.3% (n = 18) in the PTS group to 0.4% (n = 2) in the AS group. The overall complication rate was also lowered from 8.8% in the PTS group to 4.5% in the AS group. In the regression model only cognitive dysfunction (HR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4-10) and the type of stem (PTS vs AS, HR 0.1, CI 0.0-0.5) were correlated with outcome. Interpretation - For elderly patients with poor bone quality use of cemented anatomic stems leads to a substantial reduction in periprosthetic fracture rate without increasing other complications.