Poor sleep health is associated with increased mental health problems, substance use, and HIV sexual risk behavior in a large, multistate sample of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Nigeria, Africa.

BACKGROUND: Poor sleep health has been linked to mental health problems, substance use, and sexual risk-taking among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). No known published study has examined these relationships among African GBMSM. Consequently, we investigated poor sleep health and associated health-related factors among a large multistate sample of Nigerian GBMSM. METHODS: Between March and June 2019, 406 GBMSM were recruited from Abuja, Delta, Lagos, and Plateau and asked to complete an interviewer-administered survey. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine the relationship between poor sleep health and other health-related factors. RESULTS: In the past month, 45.5% of participants reported sleeping an average of 6 hours or less every night, and 30.7% reported experiencing a sleep problem. Factors associated with increased odds of reporting short sleep included: residing in Delta [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15 to 4.04] and Lagos (aOR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.29 to 4.45), depressive symptoms (aOR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.13 to 3.32), and reporting lifetime history of using four or more drugs (aOR 2.52; 95% CI: 1.06 to 6.01). Reporting condom use at last anal sex was associated with decreased odds of reporting short sleep in the last month (aOR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.92). Factors associated with increased odds of reporting sleep problems included: reporting an STI diagnosis in the last year (aOR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.05) and reporting monthly or higher polydrug use in the last 3 months (aOR 2.19; 95% CI: 1.14 to 4.24). DISCUSSION: Sleep health interventions should be developed for Nigerian GBMSM, which may improve mental health and reduce substance use and sexual risk-taking.

Nigerian surgical outcomes - Report of a 7-day prospective cohort study and external validation of the African surgical outcomes study surgical risk calculator.

BACKGROUND: Surgical outcomes study for individual nations remains important because of international differences in patterns of surgical disease. We aimed to contribute to data on post-operative complications, critical care admissions and mortality following elective surgery in Nigeria and also validate the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) surgical risk calculator in our adult patient cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a 7-day, national prospective observational cohort study in consented consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery with a planned overnight hospital stay following elective surgery during a seven-day study period. The outcome measures were in-hospital postoperative complications, critical care admissions and in-hospital mortality censored at 30 days. Also, we identified variables which significantly contributed to higher ASOS surgical risk score. External validation was performed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for discrimination assessment and Hosmer-Lemeshow test for calibration. RESULTS: A total of 1,425 patients from 79 hospitals participated in the study. Postoperative complications occurred in 264(18.5%, 95% CI 16.6-20.6), 20(7.6%) of whom were admitted into the ICU and 16(6.0%) did not survive. Total ICU admission was 57 (4%), with mortality rate of 23.5% following planned admission and overall in-hospital death was 22(1.5%, 95% CI 0.9-2.2). All prognostic factors in the ASOS risk calculator were significantly associated with higher ASOS score and the scoring system showed moderate discrimination (0⋅73, 95% CI 0.62-0.83). Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 test revealed scale was well calibrated in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION: NiSOS validates the findings of ASOS and the ability of the ASOS surgical risk calculator to predict risk of developing severe postoperative complications and mortality. We identified failure-to-rescue as a problem in Nigeria. Furthermore, this study has provided policy makers with benchmarks that can be used to monitor programmes aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality after elective surgery. We recommend the adoption of the ASOS surgical risk calculator as a tool for risk stratification preoperatively for elective surgery.

Lateral Proboscis (Elephant Tusk) with Orofacial Clefts: A Report of a Rare Case.

Lateral proboscis is a rare congenital anomaly. Lateral proboscis is a rare craniofacial malformation characterized by a rudimentary tubular, nose-like structure occurring in association with a wide spectrum of other anomalies. We presented a seven-month-old girl's lateral proboscis, cleft lip, and palate. Proboscis was excised by an elliptical incision, and the cleft was repaired at the same surgery.

Facial cleft with Amelia: a Nigerian case report.

Clefts of the lip and palate are the most common serious congenital anomalies in orofacial region. However, the occurrence of associated defects in the limbs is quite rare. This report presents a 12-week-old male child born with unilateral left cleft lip and palate, absence of the upper left arm and forearm, and fusion of both big and middle toes and absence of the entire small toe on the left foot. The repairs of lip and palate defects were done at 6 and 19 months of age while parents were referred for rehabilitation to ameliorate absence of upper left arm. We discuss the challenges of management of defects in a developing economy, issues of acceptance of children born with defects amenable to surgery and the benefit of parental education on the care of the child.