RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Urolithiasis is a public health concern, yet there are limited studies in our community. This study aimed to provide a current estimate of the prevalence of urolithiasis and to evaluate the public's awareness about dietary and lifestyle habits that impact on urolithiasis among the Jeddah population in 2017. METHODS: This is an observational cross-sectional study design where a self-administered questionnaire was distributed in two major malls in Jeddah. The total number of participants was 2173, who were Saudis and non-Saudis aged 18 years and above. The questionnaire includes five sections: demographics, general information related to urolithiasis, dietary information related to urolithiasis, lifestyle habits, and medical conditions. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of urolithiasis was 11.2%, 48.8% of which had a family history with a first-degree relative. The odds of urolithiasis among males was 1.8 times higher than in females (odds ratio [OR] =1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.4). The median age of stone disease was 33 years (25%-75%: 26-42 years). Diabetic individuals were 3.2 times more likely to have urolithiasis when compared to nondiabetic individuals (OR = 3.2, 95% CI, 2.1-4.9). Low level of awareness was observed in this cohort group with a mean score of 37.7%; 64.1% of the population were in the low awareness level, 35.3% were in the medium level, and only 0.6% participants were in the high level of awareness. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the lack of public awareness about urolithiasis and knowledge about its causation despite the high prevalence. There is a clear need to inform and educate the public on matters relating to the known risk factors associated with urolithiasis.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with a ureteric stent is influenced by several factors such as duration of stenting. Antibiotic prophylaxis has been previously used for the prevention of UTI in patients with common urological pathologies. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence, to identify the risk factors of symptomatic UTI in pediatric patients with ureteric stents, and to review the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the rate of symptomatic UTI compared to a no intervention (control) group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study that was held at a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study included 110 pediatric patients who were younger than 18 years and who required ureteric stent insertion. Disregarding gender difference, the patients were divided into two main groups: an antibiotic group and a control group. The patients in the antibiotic group (Group 1) received continuous antibiotic prophylaxis from the date of ureteral stent insertion until removal, while the patients in the control group (Group 2) received antibiotics during the perioperative period only. RESULTS: A total of 110 patients were included in the final analysis. Group 1 patients who were given antibiotic prophylaxis during the presence of ureteric stent were 54 patients (49%). Group 2 patients who were only given antibiotic during the perioperative period were 56 (51%). Males compromised 73% (n = 80) of the sample population, while females were 27% (n = 30). The prevalence of symptomatic UTI was significantly reduced from 25% in the control group to 7% in the antibiotic group (P < 0.004). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis has significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic UTI by 68% in comparison to the control group.
