Unusal canal configuration in maxillary and mandibular second molars.

This clinical article describes three different case reports of maxillary and mandibular second molars with the unusual anatomy of single root with a single canal and their endodontic management. An unusual case of bilateralism is observed in the first two cases in the form of single-rooted second mandibular molars in both the quadrant of the same patient. The presence of maxillary second molar with single root and single canal in the third case is unusual.

Effect of chicken egg shell powder solution on early enamel carious lesions: an invitro preliminary study.

AIM: To evaluate the remineralization potential of enamel surface lesion using chicken eggshell powder (CESP) solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten freshly extracted un-erupted third molars decoronated at cement-enamel junction (CEJ) used in this study. Each decoronated tooth was sectioned to get 4 samples of enamel blocks such that 40 blocks were obtained which were then subjected to demineralization protocol and grouped as: Group 1-untreated group, Group 2-subsurface demineralization, Group 3-subsurface demineralization + 7 days CESP immersion, Group 4- subsurface demineralization + clinpro application. The samples were evaluated for X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, microhardness testing and atomic analyses using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The data were statistically analysed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey - Kramer multiple comparison test. RESULTS: X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy shows Calcium concentration of 98% and 0.46% of phosphate. Group 4 (Clinpro) shows the highest efficacy in enhancing the remineralization followed by Group 3 (CESP). The results of atomic analyses showed that quantitative amounts of Ca weight % and P weight % is statistically greater for all the three groups except the demineralized group. CONCLUSION: CESP with higher calcium content can remineralise enamel surface lesion.

Surface and mineral changes of enamel with different remineralizing agents in conjunction with carbon-dioxide laser.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface/mineral changes on enamel before and after the application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, fluoride enhanced hydroxyapatite gel and propolis in conjunction with carbon-dioxide (CO2) laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Crowns of 40 human maxillary central incisors were collected and were divided into four groups of 10 each: Topical fluoride application only, topical fluoride application followed by CO2 laser irradiation, CO2 laser irradiation followed by topical fluoride application and CO2 laser irradiation before and after topical fluoride application. The 10 crowns in each group was again sectioned into four equal parts of mesio-incisal, disto-incisal, mesio-cervical and disto-cervical sections rendering 40 samples in each group. Each group was again subdivided into four subgroups: Subgroup C - untreated enamel surface (control). Subgroup A - APF gel application, subgroup R - fluoride enhanced hydroxyapatite gel application and subgroup P - propolis application. The surface morphology of the test samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and mineral changes by energy dispersion X-ray spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Total mineral content is maximum in Group 4A (CO2 laser irradiation before and after APF gel application) and calcium/phosphate ratio is highest in Group 4R (CO2 laser irradiation before and after Remin-Pro application). Group 2A (APF gel application followed by CO2 laser irradiation) has the maximum fluoride retention. CONCLUSION: Laser irradiation of enamel through a topically applied APF gel is effective in the prophylaxis and management of dental caries.

An unusual occurrence of bilaterally geminated mandibular second premolars resulting in premolar molarization: A case report.

Gemination refers to an attempt by a single tooth bud to divide, with a resultant formation of either a large tooth with a bifid crown or two completely divided teeth throughout the crown and root. This report describes a rare case of bilateral gemination of permanent mandibular second premolar tooth giving rise to molarization of premolars. The mesiodistal width of these teeth is similar to mandibular molars, but the cervicoocclusal width is lesser than that of the molar tooth. This paper also discusses the potential orthodontic, periodontal, and endodontic complications of premolar molarization.

Maxillary lateral incisors with two canals and two separate curved roots.

Variation in the roots and root canal anatomy seems to be the norm rather than an exception. For a successful endodontic treatment, a clinician should have a thorough knowledge of the internal and external dental anatomy and its variations. Maxillary lateral incisors usually exhibit single canal with a single root. In this case, clinical examination and radiographs clearly demonstrates the presence of two root canals with two separate curved roots. This case report emphasizes the need for attention during endodontic management of maxillary lateral incisors.